tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31639607341606805802024-02-27T22:30:00.454+05:30Anecdotal Evidencedagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.comBlogger293125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-62104537107939299792023-11-20T20:22:00.001+05:302023-11-20T20:24:10.586+05:30Vālmiki in Vyāsa<p> </p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;">The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose </span></p><p><i>(The Bard, The Merchant of Venice)</i></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Context</h3><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuRDRZQ9_zmod7R5Gv6CUova-S5_XcvbHmcNPMRYZVp1HeumAOxwCjZyySUme1b3DIqoHh-1Lin9gXgXwuUAVKb5nCH1fODoCGkCva4GFSoeZcoNvrSBhNDb7EyflHPyWWZZx9yq1kW89Xh0i39Gqk7oh6NbSfmjrShoUrUJ5Zc-qGUwYtIHyUfo3U6VaV/s370/Bhurisravas.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="370" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuRDRZQ9_zmod7R5Gv6CUova-S5_XcvbHmcNPMRYZVp1HeumAOxwCjZyySUme1b3DIqoHh-1Lin9gXgXwuUAVKb5nCH1fODoCGkCva4GFSoeZcoNvrSBhNDb7EyflHPyWWZZx9yq1kW89Xh0i39Gqk7oh6NbSfmjrShoUrUJ5Zc-qGUwYtIHyUfo3U6VaV/s320/Bhurisravas.png" width="320" /></a></div>In the Drona Parva, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhurishravas">Bhūriśravas</a> is engaged in a battle with Sātyaki. He renders Sātyaki unconscious and almost beheads him. Arjuna - urged by Krishna - intervenes to dismember Bhūriśravas's arm, leading to one of those excellent exchanges about the fuzziness of morality in the battlefield, that Mahabharatham is replete with. The enervated Bhūriśravas sheds his arms and begins to fast to death on the battlefriend. <div><br />But Satyaki regains consciousness and beheads him. The entire Kaurava army rails at him for his un-Kshatriya-like action. And Satyaki defends his actions elaborately.<p></p><p>As a final point when making his case he says:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYZKBCV1tWBoS5VklaiqgNw71GONuNUx0PoRyvOy_TKDlU6WplMlMG9ytqPLW2EiJd2XSdiFyrcUBcKNQCfZ9wCqP56zDyKX2oDg5yhZXxst0OOqo1tKl9egIwStUnAVrehj0isqk4qPOmiYxdzhsQB3_Xi9HGw-mKXzw0Xkv_an3WwNxZgZyxJ2yDmR0F/s374/Screenshot%202023-11-20%20at%202.29.56%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="53" data-original-width="374" height="90" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYZKBCV1tWBoS5VklaiqgNw71GONuNUx0PoRyvOy_TKDlU6WplMlMG9ytqPLW2EiJd2XSdiFyrcUBcKNQCfZ9wCqP56zDyKX2oDg5yhZXxst0OOqo1tKl9egIwStUnAVrehj0isqk4qPOmiYxdzhsQB3_Xi9HGw-mKXzw0Xkv_an3WwNxZgZyxJ2yDmR0F/w640-h90/Screenshot%202023-11-20%20at%202.29.56%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><p><br /></p><p>M.N.Dutt translates the verses thus:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIOXwsMhQ5WWbCG4jUejLUvviwl500wYeGnLyVOTKQ28ahURAIVaKXvh6lC5GaOmNdt7Jso-jcQrHZi55LOVyCoYcW1x4VZLvMeUBU2uYOtGCOIPkGD2d4WbE1sIFp_beuep6GjeWmEIdJz1unrTd9V2f5pLtlebChTbXso7vDxYdxuF-tzC7-KNDWhXcK/s263/Screenshot%202023-11-20%20at%202.39.27%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="94" data-original-width="263" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIOXwsMhQ5WWbCG4jUejLUvviwl500wYeGnLyVOTKQ28ahURAIVaKXvh6lC5GaOmNdt7Jso-jcQrHZi55LOVyCoYcW1x4VZLvMeUBU2uYOtGCOIPkGD2d4WbE1sIFp_beuep6GjeWmEIdJz1unrTd9V2f5pLtlebChTbXso7vDxYdxuF-tzC7-KNDWhXcK/w640-h229/Screenshot%202023-11-20%20at%202.39.27%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><p>Kisari Mohan Ganguly, who translated the Mahabharatham chapter by chapter says thus:</p><p><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;"></span></i></p><blockquote><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;">In days of yore, Valmiki sang this verse on earth, viz., 'Thou sayest, O ape, that women should not be slain. In all ages, however, men should always, with resolute care, accomplish that which gives pain to enemies.'</span></i></blockquote><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Intertextuality</h3><p>Now, this intertextuality made me pause for two reasons</p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Even with my chronically limited Sanskrit literacy I can see that line spoken by Satyaki does not have anything approaching "<i>O ape you say women should not be slain</i>" and all that. It only seems to say AFAI understand: <i>the couplet sung by Vālmiki on this earth, one should inflict difficulties (pīdākāram) on enemies (amitrānam) and this should be done resolutely (kartavyam)</i> </li><li> So, is Sātyaki then specifically quoting a line, which is uttered by someone in Valmiki Ramayana as response to an ape who must have said women should not be killed? (And that is what both Dutt and Ganguly have supplied context to in their translations, without explicit saying which Valmiki shlōka it is?)</li></ol><p></p><p><br /></p><p>I found the Vālmiki shloka that Sātyaki is quoting : <a href="https://www.valmiki.iitk.ac.in/content?language=ro&field_kanda_tid=6&field_sarga_value=81&field_sloka_value=28">Yuddha Kanda Sarga 81, Shloka 28</a></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxYLdzzkoldOhk6Lu-FsuMG4KEoslQZXGR7rrLnn-mnoKXqKM1jqALU__ZD8sTZBrUjaCLQqAlTtGtXbSeRTm2C2u5IItqi722piUQmOvs02v1Zngo0m_a-kbb_MlKX8e8Z2KQXqP-izE7TBeA9jmcV3IYHrliM4ejLFn0LmLlkwR05ZjH2qLxngmmh5Tn/s1020/Screenshot%202023-11-20%20at%203.18.18%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="248" data-original-width="1020" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxYLdzzkoldOhk6Lu-FsuMG4KEoslQZXGR7rrLnn-mnoKXqKM1jqALU__ZD8sTZBrUjaCLQqAlTtGtXbSeRTm2C2u5IItqi722piUQmOvs02v1Zngo0m_a-kbb_MlKX8e8Z2KQXqP-izE7TBeA9jmcV3IYHrliM4ejLFn0LmLlkwR05ZjH2qLxngmmh5Tn/w640-h156/Screenshot%202023-11-20%20at%203.18.18%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>The second half of this verse is EXACTLY what is mentioned by Satyaki. i.e. Satyaki was not essentializing but he was indeed quoting Valmiki verbatim</p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: verdana;">pīḍākaram amitrāṇāṅ yat syāt kartavyam ēva tat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;">And the translators of the Mahabharatha (Dutt & Ganguly) were providing the </span>context by giving the meaning of the first half of the shlōka also.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Says Who?</h3><p>So where does this exchange between Indrajith and Hanuman take place?</p><p>It is during the Māya-Sītā padalam. Indrajith creates an illusory Sītā lookalike and kills her in the presence of Hanuman, in a bid to demoralise the vānara army.</p><p>So, Sātyaki is indeed quoting Vālmiki to make his case. But whose words are those? Those are the words of Indrajit defending the purported murder of Sita herself!</p><p>And that is what Satyaki is throwing back at the Kauravas to defend his killing of Bhūriśravas!</p><h3>Appeal to Authority (btw you are NO authority, please sit down)</h3><p>Whenever you feel the urge to reductively judge anything in the itihāsas (e.g. sophomoric owns like DrōNa X Ekalavya, Sita Agnipravésa, Shambuka vadha) - you would be best served to remind yourself that these tales were not discovered by the deconstructions of latter day bleeding heart literary archeologist; but presented as such by Vālmiki and Vyāsa. They urge a consideration of the complexities inherent therein. </p><p>What a marvellous moment by Vyasa to show Satyaki resorting to <i>argumentum ab auctoritate</i>, as a retort to the Kauravas who shame him of un-Kshatriya like behaviour. And he seems to be resting on the confidence that those at the receiving end would be ignorant of the fact that the lines were spoken by a malicious self-serving villain. His confidence that his misquotation would find purchase is timeless.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Vyāsa the Master</h3><div><br /></div><div>Now, Vyāsa didn't just throw in a misquotation with a poker-face. He did more.</div><p>Before they begin their battle, Bhūriśravas and Sātyaki taunt each other with threats of vanquishing the other in their upcoming battle - as is the standard in many many face-offs in The Great War.</p><p>However there is a specific assertion that Bhūriśravas makes wherein our grandsire's smile is discernible:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3ZXQGcDjpb4u5Nh9ztfvVe-au5PREL813gWe-3ktf4DncC5qeG5wWOo0-JKO1tM3R9PRUICFspMQpbF2BqsbnYw87ieM9_0cVwBlh-mtXqK1IF3v8lQiAZZLjJivSQX6bdMRRvJMOEF3flH_WRCWx9gNzd12s6lf_vhc4YCt2SUNxy8IgMzYx9wl-tAqI/s364/Screenshot%202023-11-20%20at%207.28.55%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="49" data-original-width="364" height="86" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3ZXQGcDjpb4u5Nh9ztfvVe-au5PREL813gWe-3ktf4DncC5qeG5wWOo0-JKO1tM3R9PRUICFspMQpbF2BqsbnYw87ieM9_0cVwBlh-mtXqK1IF3v8lQiAZZLjJivSQX6bdMRRvJMOEF3flH_WRCWx9gNzd12s6lf_vhc4YCt2SUNxy8IgMzYx9wl-tAqI/w640-h86/Screenshot%202023-11-20%20at%207.28.55%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>M.N.Dutt translates this verse as</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj53cWZQ-wLpXjLGcM_FAJkvr5zfyWAkp3nd5d05n8qYEiFDte5aJQ8IYjzof9758Iy5UwhbOhzjV_MOpEIKZ3pL-FTKf38aY3PRHko9PkE96FoaPrESC-rsXZc9yGsRUyYc-PZ0nnUh8vYXKtYZO6SPTvOFq4TbD-XDk94xaL9FBBsKaqS9VB299tBw7_T/s255/Screenshot%202023-11-20%20at%207.30.32%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="63" data-original-width="255" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj53cWZQ-wLpXjLGcM_FAJkvr5zfyWAkp3nd5d05n8qYEiFDte5aJQ8IYjzof9758Iy5UwhbOhzjV_MOpEIKZ3pL-FTKf38aY3PRHko9PkE96FoaPrESC-rsXZc9yGsRUyYc-PZ0nnUh8vYXKtYZO6SPTvOFq4TbD-XDk94xaL9FBBsKaqS9VB299tBw7_T/w640-h158/Screenshot%202023-11-20%20at%207.30.32%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>Ganguly's translation too says the same:</p><p><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Slain by me in battle, thou shalt today proceed to the abode of Yama, like Ravana's son (Indrajit) slain by Lakshmana, the younger brother of Rama.</span></i></p><p>Mind you, there is no invocation of Ramayana anywhere thereabouts in that exchange till then. It seems to come from nowhere</p><p>So, it is reasonable to infer, that this is a very specific aesthetic choice by Vyāsa.</p><p>Thus you have Bhūriśravas comparing himself to Lakshmana and Sātyaki to Indrajit.</p><p>It is for us to muse who he may considered to be his Rama and who he may have considered Sātyaki's RāvaNa.</p><p>And then when he is killed, Vyāsa has Sātyaki defending his actions by quoting Vālmiki, completely shorn off context.</p><p>But, dear reader, Vyāsa has left the trail for us to read and enjoy.</p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;">Ars Longa, Vita Brevis</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;"> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>*****</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Karla;">Post Script: </span></h3><p>Much thanks to a typically prurient Dravideologue, I got to learn about the name Yūpakétu mentioned in this wonderful story in SkandapurāNa </p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">Pro tip: follow Dravida philistines who take the effort to read puranas to post excerpts which they think will provoke embarrassment<br /><br />Then go read the puranas & get blown away by the peerless world they portray & the import of the stories<br /><br />Today’s haul:<a href="https://t.co/AwxYxdeI5U">https://t.co/AwxYxdeI5U</a></p>— dagalti (@dagalti) <a href="https://twitter.com/dagalti/status/1725912033676198190?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 18, 2023</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p>And then I came to know the Yūpakétu <a href="https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241476.html">was another name of Bhūriśravas</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>And that got me reading this whole episode</p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;">Aano bhadra krtavo yantu vishwatah</span></p><p><span style="color: #0c343d; font-family: Karla;">May noble thoughts approach us from all directions</span></p></div>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-36036095809149328122023-10-18T14:21:00.002+05:302023-10-18T14:21:32.877+05:30மலையரையன் பெற்ற மடப்பாவை<p> </p><p>சிலப்பதிகாரம், வஞ்சிக் காண்டம், வாழ்த்துக் காதையில்</p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>மலையரையன் பெற்ற மடப் பாவை-தன்னை</i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>நில அரசர் நீள் முடிமேல் ஏற்றினான் வாழியரோ</i></span></p><p>என்று வஞ்சி நகரத்துப் பெண்டிர் பாடி வாழ்த்துகின்றனர்</p><p><br /></p><p><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXh4xB8-yGI5qMAwOdvXbauMPWhCR8Ii1Cktx1ZBmtTqgXhH07vzRiXkU5eZsvdfa-1f8JJZ2OWHtp8V6T1r1uQlm3sfquMDP_bzB7SQvfXF3SALlyTs2kr4wTj4RGGHVjydh0guNHwbZg/s640/51.jpg" width="640" /></p><p>கண்ணகிக்கு சிலை வடிக்க, வடக்கே சென்று கல் எடுத்து, அக்கல்லை கனக-விசயரின் தலையில் வைத்துக் கொணர்ந்த, தங்கள் மன்னனான சேரன் செங்குட்டுவனை இவ்வாறு வாழ்த்துகின்றனர்.</p><p>இதில் <i>'மலையரையன் பெற்ற மடப்பாவை'</i> என்ற சொற்றொடர் என்னை ஈர்த்தது.</p><p>சிலம்புக்கு சிறப்பான உரை எழுதிய ந.மு.வேங்கடசாமி நாட்டார் அதை இவ்வாறு விளக்குகிறார்.</p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">மலையரையன் பெற்ற மடப்பாவை தன்னை </span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">நிலவரசர் நீண்முடி மேல் ஏற்றினான் வாழியரோ</span></p><p><br /></p><p>-<span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;"><i>மலையரனாகிய இமவான் பெற்ற இளமை பொருந்திய பாவையை நிலமாளும் மன்னரது நெடிய முடியின்கண் சுமத்தினோன் நீடு வாழ்க. </i></span></p><p><i style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;">இமயமலைக் கற்கொணர்ந்து படிவஞ் செய்தமையான், ''மலை யரையன் பெற்ற மடப்பாவை'' என்றார். </i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRjCmyQX4M3f436uM6LEtmYyox-x1KN9xL8Y_BLNrpf-Z8ILsCAZXOSGqmGT-exe1oFNrZyL7eWZ9aGDNEl9DdeoHh2Ih55rqc1qTEi_Jiptf1_3F5Iu9WKjFzbr57LYt5n00ARN0aH7-dD8R0fHBhRKs4H1EGDfHHWgIu2DW_pDs57Zvwy32scAJy6MWs/s722/Screenshot%202023-10-13%20at%2011.06.17%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="158" data-original-width="722" height="140" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRjCmyQX4M3f436uM6LEtmYyox-x1KN9xL8Y_BLNrpf-Z8ILsCAZXOSGqmGT-exe1oFNrZyL7eWZ9aGDNEl9DdeoHh2Ih55rqc1qTEi_Jiptf1_3F5Iu9WKjFzbr57LYt5n00ARN0aH7-dD8R0fHBhRKs4H1EGDfHHWgIu2DW_pDs57Zvwy32scAJy6MWs/w640-h140/Screenshot%202023-10-13%20at%2011.06.17%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>என்று விளக்குகிறார்.</p><p>இவ்விளக்கம் எனக்கு நிறைவளிக்கவில்லை.</p><p>வடக்கே இமய மலையினின்று கல் எடுத்துப் படிமம் செய்ததால், மலையரையன் <b><u>பெற்ற</u></b>, என்ற பொருள் பதிந்துவிடுமா என்ன? படிமத்துக்கான அக்கல்</p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>எந்த பாண்டியன்?</b></h3><p>நாம் நினைவில் வைத்துக் கொள்ளவேண்டியது, இளங்கோவடிகள் பாண்டியனை இன்னான் என்று பெயரால் அடையாளப்படுத்தவில்லை. </p><p>வழக்குரை காதையில், வாயில்காப்போன்: 'செழிய வாழி' என்று மன்னனை வணங்குகிறான்.</p><p>செழியன் என்பது பாண்டியர்களுக்கான பொதுப்பெயர். பிற இடங்களில் தென்னவன், பாண்டியன் என்றெல்லாம் தான் அவன் குறிக்கப்பெறுகிறான்.</p><p>உரையாசிரியர்கள் தான் அவனை 'நெடுஞ்செழியன்' என்று குறிப்பாக அடையாளப்படுத்துகிறார்கள்.</p><p>இளங்கோவடிகளுக்கு அவன் பாண்டியன். அவ்வளவே. </p><p>அவன் மனைவி கோப்பெருந்தேவி (கோ - அரசன், அவனது பெருந்தேவி). அவ்வளவே. </p><p>கோவலன், கண்ணகி இணையரின் தந்தையர்கள் பெயர்களும் இப்படி பொதுப்பெயர்களே.</p><p>மாசாத்துவான் என்றால் (தரைவழி) வணிகம் நடத்துவோரில் பெரியன்.</p><p>மாநாய்கன் என்றால் (நாவாய் வழி) வணிகம் நடத்துவோரில் பெரியன்.</p><p>இளங்கோ என்பது கூட 'இளைய மன்னன்' என்ற பொருள்பொடும் ஒரு பாத்திரப்பெயர்.</p><p>இந்த broad brushstrokesஐ எவ்வாறு நாம் அர்த்தப்படுத்திக்கொள்வது?</p><p><i><span style="color: #800180;">சுட்டி ஒருவர் பெயர் கொளப் பெறாஅர்</span></i> என்ற தொல்காப்பிய அகத்திணை மரபின் அடுத்தகட்ட நீட்சியோ?</p><p>அரசன் ஒரு மக்கள்கூட்டத்தின் அடையாளம், அக்குழுவின் உன்னத அங்கம் என்ற நிலையைக் கடந்து, <i>அரசன் என்பான் அற நிலைநாட்டுநன்</i> (தர்ம பரிபாலனன்) என்ற நிலையை சமுதாயம் நெருங்கத்தொடங்கிவிட்டதை, இக்காப்பியத்தின் உச்சக்காட்சியான: <i>வணிகர்களின் 'நியாயம் கேட்டல்</i>' சித்தரிப்பு உணர்த்துகிறது எனலாம்.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">பாண்டியன் மகள்</h3><p>தெய்வ நிலை எய்திவிட்ட கண்ணகி, பாண்டியன் குற்றமற்றவன் என்றும், தேவர்களின் விருந்தினராக தற்போது உள்ளான் என்றும், அவன் என் தந்தை (போன்றவன்) என்றும் அறிவிக்கிறாள்:</p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>தென்னவன் தீது இலன்; தேவர் கோன்-தன் கோயில் </i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>நல் விருந்து ஆயினான்; நான் அவன்-தன் மகள் </i></span></p><p>அவளே அப்படிச்சொன்னதால், அவளை வாழ்த்துப்பாடும் வஞ்சிப்பெண்டிர் </p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>பாண்டியன்-தன் மகளைப் பாடுதும்</i></span></p><p>என்று பாடுகின்றனர்.</p><p><br /></p><p>மேலும் தெளிவாக, அங்கு குழுமி இருக்கும் ஆயத்தார் இவ்வாறு பாடுகின்றனர்</p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>வானவ னெங்கோ மகளென்றாம் வையையார்</i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>கோனவன்றான் பெற்ற கொடியென்றாள்-வானவனை</i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>வாழ்த்துவோம் நாமாக வையையார் கோமானை</i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>வாழ்த்துவாள் தேவ மகள்</i></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi19MLViGSTfqRJZnBiIUffclTP5WnpFYCFz3i2ANvDUcQ1lU7HhwXGgRIxBQ4Jl1J2fqKRGlKU1xWYcIUvTosiHiqCX3aG6WG8unr1aqIQXQLuKRXl53NVKeE39h5RKGMjTuMspmDKW7ZUJcd1rItF9JlFQkDUpH-2tNcDiQ-Vcv_Cz5wDbptZLjTIyL1k/s798/Screenshot%202023-10-15%20at%2012.07.04%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="199" data-original-width="798" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi19MLViGSTfqRJZnBiIUffclTP5WnpFYCFz3i2ANvDUcQ1lU7HhwXGgRIxBQ4Jl1J2fqKRGlKU1xWYcIUvTosiHiqCX3aG6WG8unr1aqIQXQLuKRXl53NVKeE39h5RKGMjTuMspmDKW7ZUJcd1rItF9JlFQkDUpH-2tNcDiQ-Vcv_Cz5wDbptZLjTIyL1k/w640-h160/Screenshot%202023-10-15%20at%2012.07.04%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>பொருள்: <span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;"><i>'இமயத்தினின்று கல் கொணர்ந்து அவளது படிமத்தை செய்வித்ததால், கண்ணகி, நம் மன்னனாகிய சேரனின் மகள் ஆகிறாள். மேலும் 'வையை நதியின் மன்னனாகிய பாண்டியனின் மகள் யான்' என்று அவளே கூறுகிறாள். நாம், நம் சேர மன்னனை வாழ்த்துவோம். பாண்டியனை அந்த தேவ மகளான கண்ணகி வாழ்த்தட்டும்'</i></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">மன்னரின் மரபைப் பாடுதல்</h3><p>இவ்வாறு கண்ணகி 'பாண்டியன் மகள்' என்று வாழ்த்தப்படுவது புலப்படுகிறது.</p><p>இதனை அடுத்து தான், இவ்விடுகையின் தொடக்கத்தில் குறிப்பிட்ட பாடல் வரி. அந்தப் பாடல் வரிசையில் வைத்தால் மேலும் துலங்கும்</p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>தொல்லை வினையான் துயர் உழந்தாள் கண்ணின் நீர் </i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>கொல்ல, உயிர் கொடுத்த கோவேந்தன் வாழியரோ! </i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>வாழியரோ, வாழி, வரு புனல் நீர் வையை </i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>சூழும் மதுரையார் கோமான்-தன் தொல் குலமே!</i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i><br /></i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i><u>மலையரையன் பெற்ற மடப் பாவை-</u>தன்னை </i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>நில அரசர் நீள் முடிமேல் ஏற்றினான் வாழியரோ! </i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>வாழியரோ, வாழி, வரு புனல் நீர் ஆன்பொருநை </i></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>சூழ்தரும் வஞ்சியார் கோமான்-தன் தொல் குலமே!</i></span></p><p><br /></p><p>இவை அடுத்தடுத்து வரும் இரு பாடல்கள் என்பதை கவனம் கொள்ள வேண்டும்:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKMt5axg8vjzW25B3vtsgDFBSigUN6A-O3bEF7N97XUmyGbSiTnG1Jns83mggeJbfLbzd2TzBVyw-ObslUzByyPBQFvuU4tcj7sZp6pk2-MYFCa_ivdt-5ZBqf06oghtBxTR1pCbn0Uo-dzXS7OCE10lfNk59gIT3NSBWaN95HjvdFqJ5ig4JJ92wvF2FL/s798/Screenshot%202023-10-15%20at%206.31.08%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="348" data-original-width="798" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKMt5axg8vjzW25B3vtsgDFBSigUN6A-O3bEF7N97XUmyGbSiTnG1Jns83mggeJbfLbzd2TzBVyw-ObslUzByyPBQFvuU4tcj7sZp6pk2-MYFCa_ivdt-5ZBqf06oghtBxTR1pCbn0Uo-dzXS7OCE10lfNk59gIT3NSBWaN95HjvdFqJ5ig4JJ92wvF2FL/w640-h280/Screenshot%202023-10-15%20at%206.31.08%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>முதல் பாடல்: "பழவினையால், துயருற்ற கண்ணகியின் கண்ணீரால் கொல்லப்பட, உயிநர்நீத்த பாண்டியன் வாழ்க! வையை நீரால் சூழப்பட்ட மதுரையினது அரசனான பாண்டியனது பழமையான குலம் வாழ்க!</p><p>அடுத்த பாடல் தான் : "மலை அரசன் பெற்ற மடப்பாவையை நில அரசர்களான (கனக விசயன்) நீள் முடி மேல் ஏற்றிய (சேரமான்) வாழ்க. ஆன்பொருநை (அமராவதி) சூழ்ந்து வரும் வஞ்சி நகரத்தை ஆளும் சேரர்களின் பழமையான குலம் வாழ்க.</p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>"மலையரையன் பெற்ற" என்பதில் "<b>பெற்ற</b>" என்ற சொல் கண்ணகி படிமத்தை வடிக்க, சேரன் எடுத்த கல் இருந்த இமயமலைப்பகுதியை ஆண்ட அரசனுக்குப் பொருந்தாமையையும்</li><li>வையையார் கோன் அவன் தான் <b>பெற்ற</b> கொடி என்றாள் - என்று இதற்கு முன் உள்ள பாடலில் ஆயத்தார் பாடுவதையும்</li><li> "மலையரையன் பெற்ற" என்ற வரிக்கு முந்தைய பாடலில் பாண்டியன் குலத்தை வாழ்த்தி பாடப்பட்டிருப்பதையும்</li></ol><div>கருத்தில் கொண்டால், இங்கே 'மலையரையன் பெற்ற' என்ற சொற்றொடர் பாண்டியருக்கும் தொடர்புடையாத இருக்கலாம், என்று எண்ணம் தோன்றுகிஅது. இதை இனி ஆயலாம்:</div><div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">இமவான் - மலையத்துவச பாண்டியன்</span></h3><div>புராண மரபில் மலையரசன் ஹிமவானின் மகள் உமையம்மை (பர்வதம்--> பார்வதி).</div><div> மலையத்வஜ பாண்டியனின் புத்ர காமேஷ்டி யாகத்தினின்று, பார்வதியே மூன்று வயது பெண்ணாகத் தோன்றினாள் என்றும், தடாடகை பிராட்டி, என்ற பெயரில் வளர்ந்தாள் என்று திருவிளையாடல் புராணம் சொல்கிறது</div><div><br /></div><div><img alt="incarnate minakshi" src="https://shaivamfiles.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com/gallery/image/vil/vil_thadathagai_pratiyar.jpg" style="height: 265px; width: 400px;" /></div><div><br /></div><div>திருவிளையாடல் புராணத்தில், தடாடகை திருஅவதாரப் படலத்தில் பரஞ்சோதி முனிவர், சந்த ஓசை மிகுந்த விருந்தங்களில் அந்த மகிழ்கணத்தை இவ்வாறு நமக்குக் கடத்துகிறார்:</div><div><br /></div><p></p><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>ஐம்முகன் அநாதி பரமாத்தன் உரை ஆற்றால் </i></span></div><div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>நெய் முக நிறைந்து தழல் நிமிர்த்து வரும் எல்லை </i></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>பைம் முக அரா அணி பரஞ்சுடர் தனிப்ப </i></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>மைம் முக நெடும் கணி மவான் மனைவிநாண.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i><br /></i></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>வள்ளல் மலையத் துவசன் மீனவன் வலத்தோள் </i></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>துள்ள மனை காஞ்சனை சுருங்கிய மருங்குல் </i></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>தள்ள எழு கொங்கைகள் ததும்ப நிமிர் தீம்பால் </i></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>வெள்ள மொழுகக்கு அரிய வேல் கணிட ஆட</i></span></div></div><div><br /></div><div><i>பொருள்:</i></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">ஐந்து முகங்களுடைய, ஆதி இல்லாத பரம ஆப்தனான சிவபெருமான் வகுத்த நெறிமுறைப்படி</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">நெய்யை ஹோமகுண்டத்தில் நிறைத்து அதன் தழல் வளர்ந்து பெருகும் அந்தப் பொழுதில்,</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">படம் எடுக்கும் நாகங்களை அணிந்த பரம சுடர் (சிவபெருமான்) தனியனாக ஆகும்படி</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">மை பொருந்திய நெடிய கண் உடைய ஹிமவானின் மனைவி நாண</span> (அதாவது, இதுவரை உமையை பெற்ற அன்னை தான் ஒருத்தியே என்ற பெருமை இனி தனக்கு மட்டும் உரித்தானது அல்ல, என்பதால் நாணுற்றாள் என்று பொருள் கொள்ளலாம். <a href="https://twitter.com/tskrishnan">நன்றி @tskrishnan</a>) </div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">வள்ளலான மலையத்துவச பாண்டியனின் (மீன் கொடி உடையோன்---> மீனவன்) வலதுதோள் துள்ள</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">அவனது மனைவியான காஞ்சனையில் மெல்லிடையை வருத்தும்படி</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">(தாயாகப் போகும்) அவளது மார்புகளில் பாலமுது ஊறி நிறைந்து ததும்பி வெள்ளமாக</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">அரிய வேல் போன்ற அவளது கண்களில் இடக்கன் ஆட..</span></div><div><br /></div><div>இவ்வாறெல்லாம் நிகழ... என்ற பல அடுக்கி, அக்கணத்தே தடாடகை தோன்றினாள்..என்று மிகச்சிறப்பாகப் பாடுகிறார் பரஞ்சோதி முனிவர்.</div><div><br /></div><div>திருவிளையாடல் புராணம் காலத்தால் பிற்பட்ட நூல் என்பது அதன் மொழியே உணர்த்தும். ஆனால் அதன் மூலநூலான ஹாலாஸ்ய மஹாத்மியம் அதற்கு (சற்று) முற்பட்டது.</div><p></p><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPMKIL3zwxznKXAHDzvXiBjkuWnXPs6r0ZhtIHIsHv8IVDLGCzsd2FdhqEbmdEkPSBYl-qAFBsv1-dXgB02PP53WcbKhyphenhyphen6R2bO910rd1PIIO6iESMt_K5LV5cxPJ7cegdOMoYX2r8MngXihU-j7ltfpNn4aeFRml976ZszSUbOV3kbKP1FLrr2ElKqb74g/s615/Screenshot%202023-10-16%20at%208.11.26%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="615" data-original-width="474" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPMKIL3zwxznKXAHDzvXiBjkuWnXPs6r0ZhtIHIsHv8IVDLGCzsd2FdhqEbmdEkPSBYl-qAFBsv1-dXgB02PP53WcbKhyphenhyphen6R2bO910rd1PIIO6iESMt_K5LV5cxPJ7cegdOMoYX2r8MngXihU-j7ltfpNn4aeFRml976ZszSUbOV3kbKP1FLrr2ElKqb74g/w494-h640/Screenshot%202023-10-16%20at%208.11.26%20PM.png" width="494" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ஹலாஸ்ய மஹாத்மியத்தில் தடாடகை அவதாரக் கதை</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><p></p><p>சிலம்பில் (சங்க இலக்கியத்திலும்) மதுரையில் மீனாட்சி அம்மன் கோவில் பற்றி எந்த குறிப்பும் இல்லை. </p><p>திருப்பரங்குன்றம் உள்ளது. கூடலழகர்/ கள்ளழகர் பற்றி குறிப்பு உள்ளதாக கொண்டுகூட்டி பொருள்சொல்லவாவது ஓரிரு இடங்கள் உள்ளன. ஆனால், மீனாட்சி இல்லை.</p><p>ஆக, இந்த மலையத்துவச-இமவான்-தடாடகை கதை, சங்கம் மருவிய சிலப்பதிகார காலத்தில் வேர்விடவில்லை.</p><p>மலையத்வஜ பாண்டியன் என்று ஒரு அரசன் பாரதப்போரில் பாண்டியன் தரப்பில் போரிட்டு, <a href="https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m08/m08020.htm">அஷ்வத்தாமாவால் கொல்லப்படுகிறான்</a>. அதைத்தவிற அவனைப் பற்றிய குறிப்பு எதுவும் இல்லை. ஹிமவானின் மகளை வேள்வி செய்து பெற்ற புராணக்கதையில் தோன்றும் மலையத்வஜ பாண்டியன் இவன் தான் என்று கூற எந்த இணைப்புக்கதையும் புராணங்களில் இல்லை. </p><p>ஆக, மலையரையன் பெற்ற மகள் பாண்டியன் மகளாக ஆனது, முதலில் நிகழ்ந்தது சிலப்பதிகாரத்தில் எனலாம்.</p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">பதிவீழ முலையெறிந்தாள் வாழி!</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">பதிகாண முலையிழந்தாள் வாழி!</span></p><div> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> ***</div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">பின்குறிப்பு</span>:</h3><p>பிற்காலத்தில் தோன்றிய 'கோவலன் கதை' என்ற நாட்டுப்பாடலில், சொக்கரும், மீனாச்சியும் கதாபாத்திரங்களாகவே வருகின்றனர்! கோவலன் -கண்ணகை மதுரைக்கு வந்ததும், <i>'இந்நகரம் அழியப்போகிறது, வா மூட்டை முடிச்சை கட்டிக்கொண்டு காசிக்கு போவோம்'</i>, என்று மீனாச்சியிடம் சொல்கிறார் சொக்கர்!</p><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXjYwtleeBtSLSeeAg_HTjkUknI1-OMW2xseAHjCIptTDP4dLES4wlPtUd7iqGIQFgD_b6rI83ZHJ5bmsuEkB8WOAu8ZEDzhLeCHJo7P25wVi7dWQK6PzEe2hm08mpIRYQb65Wb2P7EyKQQgFh0ancTBsIjYooQtjSPYs20ZzeKvl51vw6mn8g_jjop5nD/s556/Screenshot%202023-10-17%20at%2010.03.59%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="270" data-original-width="556" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXjYwtleeBtSLSeeAg_HTjkUknI1-OMW2xseAHjCIptTDP4dLES4wlPtUd7iqGIQFgD_b6rI83ZHJ5bmsuEkB8WOAu8ZEDzhLeCHJo7P25wVi7dWQK6PzEe2hm08mpIRYQb65Wb2P7EyKQQgFh0ancTBsIjYooQtjSPYs20ZzeKvl51vw6mn8g_jjop5nD/w640-h310/Screenshot%202023-10-17%20at%2010.03.59%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">References</h3><p></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="https://www.tamilvu.org/ta/library-l3100-html-l3100ind-132364">சிலப்பதிகாரம்</a> - நாவலர். ந.மு. வேங்கடசாமி நாட்டார் உரை</li><li><a href="https://www.tamilvu.org/library/l41d0/html/l41d0ind.htm">திருவிளையாடற் புராணம்</a> - நாவலர். ந.மு.வேங்கடசாமி நாட்டார் உரை</li><li><a href="https://archive.org/details/halasyamahatmyam/page/204/mode/2up">ஹாலாஸ்ய மஹாத்மியம்</a> - translated by Radhakrishna Sastri</li><li>Picture of the incarnation of Thadādakai - <a href="https://shaivam.org/scripture/English-Translation/1518/incarnation-of-minatchi-the-goddess-of-the-temple#gsc.tab=0">Shaivam.org</a></li><li>Mahabharatha <a href="https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m08/m08020.htm">Karna Parva XX</a> - translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli</li><li>Kanaka Vijaya sculpture from Poompuhar exhibit - courtesy <a href="http://mayathedal.blogspot.com/2019/03/poompuhar-kannagi-story-in-stone.html">blogger Maya</a></li><li><a href="https://www.tamildigitallibrary.in/admin/assets/book/TVA_BOK_0005879_கோவலன்_கதை.pdf">கோவலன் கதை (PDF) </a>- உலகத் தமிழாராய்ச்சி நிறுவனம் </li></ol><div><br /></div><div>TLDR அன்பர்கள் செவிநுகர:</div> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1643471727&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Sans", Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/user601702" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="dagalti">dagalti</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/user601702/psvmlcph7xie" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="மலையரையன் பெற்ற மடப்பாவை">மலையரையன் பெற்ற மடப்பாவை</a></div> <div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><p></p>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-91079013716177909232023-09-29T13:12:00.003+05:302023-09-29T17:08:12.163+05:30ந்யாயம்<p> </p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கரந்திருந்து ராவகன் </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">சரந்தொடுத்த தால்கொலோ </span></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> <span> <span> </span></span>புரந்தரந்தன் மைந்தனும் </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">நிரந்தரத்தி லொன்றினான்</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">வரந்துரப்ப தாதையாற் </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">சுரந்துணிந்த மைந்தனின் </span></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span> <span> </span></span>பரந்தமைந்த வில்லெழு மரந்துளைத்த வண்ணமாய்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">உரந்தணிந்த வர்ச்சுனன் இரந்துணர்ந்த </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கீதையாற் </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span> <span> </span></span>கரந்திணிந்து கௌரவர் திரந்தொலைந்து போயினார் </span></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">உரந்தெளிப்ப தும்பயிர் தரந்திளைப்ப தும்பணி </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span> <span> </span></span>சிரந்திணிந்த கீழ்மைகொல் நிரந்தராயெ நாதியே </span></p><p><br /></p><p>வகை: எண் சீர் விருத்தம்</p><p>அடி: கருவிளங்காய் கூவிளம் என்ற பிணை X 4</p><iframe src="https://record.reverb.chat/embed/xmpn5mFo9NFqx0OuhHpt" style="border:0px #ffffff none;" name="myiFrame" scrolling="no" frameborder="1" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" height="200px" width="100%" allowfullscreen></iframe><p>பதம் பிரித்து</p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #800180;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கரந்து இருந்து ராவகன் </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">சரம் தொடுத்ததால் கொலோ </span></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> புரந்தரந்தன் மைந்தனும் </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">நிரந்தரத்தில் ஒன்றினான்</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">வரம் துரப்ப தாதையால் </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">சுரம் துணிந்த மைந்தனின் </span></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"> பரந்து அமைந்த வில் எழு மரம் துளைத்த வண்ணமாய்</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">உரம் தணிந்த அர்ச்சுனன் இரந்து உணர்ந்த </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கீதையால் </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="color: #800180;"> கரம் திணிந்து கௌரவர் திரம் தொலைந்து போயினார் </span></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">உரம் தெளிப்பதும் பயிர் தரம் திளைப்பது உம் பணி </span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"> சிரம் திணிந்த கீழ்மை கொல் நிரந்தரா என் நாதியே</span></p><div><img alt="Vaali and Sugrreva Fight.jpg" class="size-medium wp-image-33725" data-attachment-id="33725" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="<p>Vaali and Sugrreva Fight</p>
" data-image-description="<p>Vaali and Sugrreva Fight</p>
" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="vaali-vs-sug-10" data-large-file="https://ramanan50.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/vaali-vs-sug-10.jpg?w=640" data-medium-file="https://ramanan50.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/vaali-vs-sug-10.jpg?w=300" data-orig-file="https://ramanan50.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/vaali-vs-sug-10.jpg" data-orig-size="640,592" data-permalink="https://ramanisblog.in/2014/10/28/invisible-rama-kills-visible-vaali-enacted-in-sculpture/vaali-vs-sug-10/" height="369" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://ramanan50.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/vaali-vs-sug-10.jpg?w=300&h=277" srcset="https://ramanan50.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/vaali-vs-sug-10.jpg?w=300 300w, https://ramanan50.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/vaali-vs-sug-10.jpg?w=600 600w, https://ramanan50.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/vaali-vs-sug-10.jpg?w=150 150w" width="400" /></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">உரை</span></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><br /></span></span></div><div><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);">Because Rāghava shooting his arrow while hiding, the son of Indira (Vāli), became one with eternity </span></span></li><li><span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: Kavivanar;">Chased by the Boon (he granted) the father caused him to go to the forest, and he dared to. Therein his strong bow shot through seven Shala trees - similar to that...</span></li><li><span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: Kavivanar;">The enervated Arjuna, upon begging for guidance and getting the Gītā, got such a shot in the arm that Kaurava strength got vanquished</span></li><li><span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: Kavivanar;">To spray strengthening <span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);">fertilisers and enjoy the lushness of (your sapling) is your job; (so) please kill the lowness that is thickly filled in my head 'O My Refuge'</span></span></li></ol><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);">One son of Indira - in the height of a tussle- was granted the heavens unexpectedly</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;">Another son of Indira- losing all will to fight - was granted upon request - the right guidance</span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;">The guidance got through to him, like the arrow that pierced the seven trees</span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;">Which was shot by Rama, who was sent to the forest, unwillingly by a father, who had to honour his word. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;">All crops of the world are yours, and you care for them and rejoice in their growth. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;">So, 'O Refuge of mine' clean up by muddled head.</span></div><p></p></div>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-16542511188494452762023-09-27T20:16:00.002+05:302023-09-28T11:52:50.557+05:30Rules and Rulers<div class="separator"><p style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="In Mahabharata, Who was Shakuntala? What was her role in this great epic? - Quora" aria-hidden="false" class="r48jcc pT0Scc iPVvYb" jsaction="VQAsE" jsname="kn3ccd" src="https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-4b421b8b2c2dc4e38fbb549c34b07360-lq" style="height: 324px; margin: 0px; max-width: 500px; width: 283px;" /></p></div><p> In the original story of Sakuntala, as told in the Mahabhratha, there is no ring.</p><p>Sakuntala appears in Dushmanta's court with their son and requests Dushmanta to declare him the heir to his throne, as he had promised her, before their gandharva vivāham.</p><p>Though Dushmanta very much remembers their encounter (and thus recognises legitimacy of the claim), he still pretends not to remember and asks her provocative, insulting questions in his court. </p><p>But he is '<i>being cruel only to be kind</i>'. For, this sets the dramatic stage for a fine articulation of her case by Sakuntala, which ends in the divine voice from the sky, declaring her to be true and for Dushmanta to accept her and their son.</p><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>And then, Dushmanta tells his courtiers that he always knew but his word would have been insufficient proof to the court.</div><div><br /></div><div>We are of course, more aware of the storyline of KāLidāsa's play abhijñānasākuntalam, where the poet made significant departures. The elevation of the 'word/memory of the King' over his role as a servitor/upholder of the code resonates with a latter day aesthetic. Insofar as it reflects the societal norms of the time of the poet, the evolution of the public perception of regnal authority invites curious musing.</div><div>If you share my bent of mind, which has a greater regard (aspirational regard!?) for a disciplined observer over someone who privileges his individual agency, then you may find the original story far more resplendent.</div><div><br /></div><div>It is echoed in the later story of Sitā's Agniparikshai. </div><div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Dushmanta Feigns</h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEionGpFQ4hhhzcTqkPVbVFzI8HQCvDKBQXoujfXGwa3GECEfcAWOISFvTVHbdSw2MHL46mNat6FT0ox58n3iIPhsDC8Tf1lMu_dVTEbzEiUiQuB6u-XfsgRvp2QgMUcK0CORv-k0CA8ZkCy5Kl_ann7xN5In3L26vkmgwXhEeXWljsQYIfYofBvTRc1zcdn/s403/Screenshot%202023-09-22%20at%207.46.17%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="41" data-original-width="403" height="66" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEionGpFQ4hhhzcTqkPVbVFzI8HQCvDKBQXoujfXGwa3GECEfcAWOISFvTVHbdSw2MHL46mNat6FT0ox58n3iIPhsDC8Tf1lMu_dVTEbzEiUiQuB6u-XfsgRvp2QgMUcK0CORv-k0CA8ZkCy5Kl_ann7xN5In3L26vkmgwXhEeXWljsQYIfYofBvTRc1zcdn/w640-h66/Screenshot%202023-09-22%20at%207.46.17%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMEkES9FzDWl0AklXSgLNmROk-Ib_zO7mcBqjAxF3LVz1qrEPAv5GqrtuuS-nAZH-apX8T0JZ4f2WQeAKJU_y35yAonINErCnH6cHEvh11lg3sjy7hM70iIDBpUreWzFueKaCvJ5aCiynSTNjWADzTn_MPqqacYfQQ7euKJwtRJoB7dHsvjCibXko96Clj/s268/Screenshot%202023-09-22%20at%207.46.42%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="64" data-original-width="268" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMEkES9FzDWl0AklXSgLNmROk-Ib_zO7mcBqjAxF3LVz1qrEPAv5GqrtuuS-nAZH-apX8T0JZ4f2WQeAKJU_y35yAonINErCnH6cHEvh11lg3sjy7hM70iIDBpUreWzFueKaCvJ5aCiynSTNjWADzTn_MPqqacYfQQ7euKJwtRJoB7dHsvjCibXko96Clj/w640-h154/Screenshot%202023-09-22%20at%207.46.42%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>I am given to understand, by the Sanskrit literate, that the expression <span style="color: #800180;"><i>smaraNN api</i></span> , is the clincher here. It means Dushmanta DOES remember and <u>yet</u> chooses to be harsh to Sakuntala to provoke her to make her case in open court. And boy she does: she marshals what the scriptures have to say about the honour of a wife, the one who provides the lineage, and thus the one who ensures the ancestors are provided for, via the ritual observances. </p><p>Mind you, this whole story is narrated by Vaisampāyanā to Janaméjaya. So, Janaméjaya is thus hearing about the ideals of marital partnership and wifehood from the mother of his illustrious ancestor Bharatha himself.</p><p>That she focuses on this aspect of the wife (jāyā - the one who brings forth) than the other aspects (like patni - the one who is a partner in a sacrifice) is one example of her precision.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">அஶரீரி</h3><p>And just as she turns her heels and walks away from court, the heavenly voice declares her claims to be legitimate</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIZnXlaZ0GG0p8IP4LMwGoIudY2a77fJl_g6Xzh9Dn7uPJdsnZw2CDkcB35bNiCRUjnTC18QKAC19toNeHcJP3cbzWksgpgS8SR-12NQYtdLRBtNohtf9ti8a7hQlQ6DXDdgCQKUF-sXJjdZFya6-pL6JjvRjDosjAj1ocNU_QRGuh_2KrpnrnQ5JeV8jN/s943/Screenshot%202023-09-26%20at%2011.17.17%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="105" data-original-width="943" height="72" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIZnXlaZ0GG0p8IP4LMwGoIudY2a77fJl_g6Xzh9Dn7uPJdsnZw2CDkcB35bNiCRUjnTC18QKAC19toNeHcJP3cbzWksgpgS8SR-12NQYtdLRBtNohtf9ti8a7hQlQ6DXDdgCQKUF-sXJjdZFya6-pL6JjvRjDosjAj1ocNU_QRGuh_2KrpnrnQ5JeV8jN/w640-h72/Screenshot%202023-09-26%20at%2011.17.17%20AM.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNUwFbtPvwegYWgaWHQMrb3jgAhfGxMEZzPxJWn60bpY8zfaaPleAZ2mdXio6N0ChqzGxxyTR-3SyWOk5N1gRR-ZT-b0aajraaUfpCfhaMa9OElLvTnkIYCpJoA7ldA2pr9hs2NV_hb-4JZ1ua3-kn8r4FaIZjI9GoJLBm59nhf67K-VPfXRfGHapeha86/s258/Screenshot%202023-09-22%20at%209.33.52%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="52" data-original-width="258" height="129" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNUwFbtPvwegYWgaWHQMrb3jgAhfGxMEZzPxJWn60bpY8zfaaPleAZ2mdXio6N0ChqzGxxyTR-3SyWOk5N1gRR-ZT-b0aajraaUfpCfhaMa9OElLvTnkIYCpJoA7ldA2pr9hs2NV_hb-4JZ1ua3-kn8r4FaIZjI9GoJLBm59nhf67K-VPfXRfGHapeha86/w640-h129/Screenshot%202023-09-22%20at%209.33.52%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><p>And then Dushmanta explains to his courtiers that he had intentionally directed proceedings in this manner so as to scorch any trace of doubt.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYKXnz1depKlNgEW6hY2mYodRNAAOC7il00YpwUulJo99c3IiyPXiZMPiELlXSXLdxBjxnnWl-H7oHSQLT_KKTt4F6WwXqlpevyqLpYNBJyhxiyyhThIHvtQMWiKla_qne5itrDurPAW_RKzwDu8k75pkXulYFFJrGHRcmlMa41OBU0-vVri6Y4wATEqrT/s1007/Screenshot%202023-09-26%20at%2011.20.37%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="98" data-original-width="1007" height="62" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYKXnz1depKlNgEW6hY2mYodRNAAOC7il00YpwUulJo99c3IiyPXiZMPiELlXSXLdxBjxnnWl-H7oHSQLT_KKTt4F6WwXqlpevyqLpYNBJyhxiyyhThIHvtQMWiKla_qne5itrDurPAW_RKzwDu8k75pkXulYFFJrGHRcmlMa41OBU0-vVri6Y4wATEqrT/w640-h62/Screenshot%202023-09-26%20at%2011.20.37%20AM.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Baefi9Fa4jpqZwfmlvfI-zeKcNRZhXjn4Vf15byfb-O2lLMAkW8rR1pdUmkfhTXF4VG5soYpi5A2Kgd3wMpMKlSajGm-ziDrK93QRhjJ8Chn9NWMmNuWLAngZ4bodEGPP8qt3vgf-TkrCRbcCc3y6wPBk9CN8CfFxa1mbWyosaBxdEj9YX3fM_vmxh9P/s354/Screenshot%202023-09-22%20at%209.38.58%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="94" data-original-width="354" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Baefi9Fa4jpqZwfmlvfI-zeKcNRZhXjn4Vf15byfb-O2lLMAkW8rR1pdUmkfhTXF4VG5soYpi5A2Kgd3wMpMKlSajGm-ziDrK93QRhjJ8Chn9NWMmNuWLAngZ4bodEGPP8qt3vgf-TkrCRbcCc3y6wPBk9CN8CfFxa1mbWyosaBxdEj9YX3fM_vmxh9P/w640-h170/Screenshot%202023-09-22%20at%209.38.58%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><p>After having told this to his courtiers, he then further explains to Sakuntala why he had to put her through the grind:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBj4baiYWUt01D95YvcdoL2sMj1qe9xMSPXdIJXOZ9oCR8dwp5TW3wRF_n96er4_PvYcTr7VTyHOd5S21924v9sHTw3Lv__6-MHMxm-OnP53QoxdplPDHQGsY_4h26bYnBbFs5egs1H0cVv_w6LvAeqEOElNcuPp3ArScDaDrHupmG6MaZ3Kze6jak-iMW/s1049/Screenshot%202023-09-22%20at%209.42.12%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="197" data-original-width="1049" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBj4baiYWUt01D95YvcdoL2sMj1qe9xMSPXdIJXOZ9oCR8dwp5TW3wRF_n96er4_PvYcTr7VTyHOd5S21924v9sHTw3Lv__6-MHMxm-OnP53QoxdplPDHQGsY_4h26bYnBbFs5egs1H0cVv_w6LvAeqEOElNcuPp3ArScDaDrHupmG6MaZ3Kze6jak-iMW/w640-h120/Screenshot%202023-09-22%20at%209.42.12%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLvsvsWXIdt03v-8fr7T3Bd_6YPngRy__gn5YpoxTIQ-_BbU-QJ9aMRKlkMq4WeY5Z4JYflpw6u8IsMTGL1NGZloQAwR5FaVVrDVLM85OiBWbwt3B3ZAkBNlScT0DZPq_jhSOYyXTcHxWq0ulaty_Ik-vZSSGvlIahjGM_t6tNs0HxO_p5sFoNtv5h2wL8/s353/Screenshot%202023-09-22%20at%209.41.29%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="149" data-original-width="353" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLvsvsWXIdt03v-8fr7T3Bd_6YPngRy__gn5YpoxTIQ-_BbU-QJ9aMRKlkMq4WeY5Z4JYflpw6u8IsMTGL1NGZloQAwR5FaVVrDVLM85OiBWbwt3B3ZAkBNlScT0DZPq_jhSOYyXTcHxWq0ulaty_Ik-vZSSGvlIahjGM_t6tNs0HxO_p5sFoNtv5h2wL8/w640-h270/Screenshot%202023-09-22%20at%209.41.29%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Unapologetic Forgiveness</h3><p>He does NOT feel apologetic at all that he has put caused his beloved considerable anxiety, been unduly harsh to her. In his mind, this was needed in the pursuit of dharmā. Of course, since Sakuntala was not aware of his motivations, her un-wife like harsh words are understandable and can be gracefully forgiven!</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj1314V9TfEKtHDdW1OsC_KL6GnSOkW5qOMVHwbNAAsZgytqApzCMA4YlN7LwT4SNG0nxiEt-8ccZoPw7AkC3SVkBgDfiwhVQKMEmIHln13ACNLq7uN96oC74yr4xARMdRZ_ouF12-_56Zg1E25h2P3mc6hxwle6xx3_RneltOtVpQ69ZEEgumirZvAxZe/s915/Screenshot%202023-09-26%20at%2011.41.28%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="103" data-original-width="915" height="72" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj1314V9TfEKtHDdW1OsC_KL6GnSOkW5qOMVHwbNAAsZgytqApzCMA4YlN7LwT4SNG0nxiEt-8ccZoPw7AkC3SVkBgDfiwhVQKMEmIHln13ACNLq7uN96oC74yr4xARMdRZ_ouF12-_56Zg1E25h2P3mc6hxwle6xx3_RneltOtVpQ69ZEEgumirZvAxZe/w640-h72/Screenshot%202023-09-26%20at%2011.41.28%20AM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_SfkGjxfxI9CQEWbp8xs5rh3eqR35bUy0Ai4BBxl5pGCnr4Of537JtHzTTQUzWcS0XDdDBIaWjMQeTNXfjpkZxUeZwWzYAGS6H4Qyj8zt-_IzuqRPPPf7IuLqE5wxJQpG6vwLXasO6YrCPcKRwDrXQs_X1vcvE9XUFei5uKljfTrg4kmuffw34knfSouk/s259/Screenshot%202023-09-26%20at%2011.42.27%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="56" data-original-width="259" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_SfkGjxfxI9CQEWbp8xs5rh3eqR35bUy0Ai4BBxl5pGCnr4Of537JtHzTTQUzWcS0XDdDBIaWjMQeTNXfjpkZxUeZwWzYAGS6H4Qyj8zt-_IzuqRPPPf7IuLqE5wxJQpG6vwLXasO6YrCPcKRwDrXQs_X1vcvE9XUFei5uKljfTrg4kmuffw34knfSouk/w640-h138/Screenshot%202023-09-26%20at%2011.42.27%20AM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>This absolutely stunning moment, is what seems to separate Vālmiki's Rāma and Vyāsa's Yudhishtra.</p><p>The former seems clear in his commitment. Whereas Yudhistra is perpetually vacillating between striving to conform to dharmā and the pain that his pursuit puts his loved ones through. (Earlier <a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2018/09/blog-post_25.html">blogged here</a>). </p><p>When the AgniParikshai is over and (similar to the Sakuntala story) Brahma declares the purity of Sītā and asks Rāma to accept her, Rāmā says:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVyS1FDShBJrFvw9w64M5iAThCByPOgLO1ekZU5gsnaykPiNjYgIiEnUeTI63Gmk4VK4u0_m0NJGicER2eEHmzPu__puf3zea3Jmaftn95vM0znBECZeTVwNwrQmJ-D5s4U360-6P0aHsJYQZANgZBeYaNFqmyjdr2RazJxt1nC4U6mEiJzYpGD23DiPh-/s1020/Screenshot%202023-09-23%20at%209.19.47%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="449" data-original-width="1020" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVyS1FDShBJrFvw9w64M5iAThCByPOgLO1ekZU5gsnaykPiNjYgIiEnUeTI63Gmk4VK4u0_m0NJGicER2eEHmzPu__puf3zea3Jmaftn95vM0znBECZeTVwNwrQmJ-D5s4U360-6P0aHsJYQZANgZBeYaNFqmyjdr2RazJxt1nC4U6mEiJzYpGD23DiPh-/w640-h282/Screenshot%202023-09-23%20at%209.19.47%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The choice of words தஶரதாம்ஜ (son of Dasaratha) and ஜானகி (daughter of Jānaki) are thrillingly precise. We are likely the last generation to understand the marital union as having (had) little to do with the two individuals concerned. The individuals were agents representing their lineages, which they were to bring forth,</div><div><br /></div><div>So, as Dasaratha's son, Rāmā was duty bound to set aside his finer feelings that he may have had for his wife, to demonstrate that the bearer of a future heir of Raghuvamsa, the daughter of Janaka, was beyond reproach. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2TXQ62hpLSeSttqQ1rJkN9LZwsmvUs1nl6pxst2f4CgmujemOP9yBLU3uvUZgR1hMI_0TpUMln429In8nQoWbnNHwRQERn7lgYBVXoPLyFDu4C1RO0tIj2NomtsM3Q8obwly1jcQRBZV_Wo0Fe6ZTNMiXNwRYXUwp_ehUuvMhwouF0ecIJb6M0aNnEACO/s1020/Screenshot%202023-09-23%20at%209.20.50%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="217" data-original-width="1020" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2TXQ62hpLSeSttqQ1rJkN9LZwsmvUs1nl6pxst2f4CgmujemOP9yBLU3uvUZgR1hMI_0TpUMln429In8nQoWbnNHwRQERn7lgYBVXoPLyFDu4C1RO0tIj2NomtsM3Q8obwly1jcQRBZV_Wo0Fe6ZTNMiXNwRYXUwp_ehUuvMhwouF0ecIJb6M0aNnEACO/w640-h136/Screenshot%202023-09-23%20at%209.20.50%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>And thus he lays it bear, no holds barred in this single minded pursuit of truth.</div><div>Remember, Rāma had instructed Vibeeshana to have Sītā adorn herself before she presents herself in public. And not present herself in the state in which she was imprisoned in Lanka. It is thus suggested that the idea was to present a spectacle of her in fine glory, thusly bring forth the doubt and then proceed to demolish it.</div><div><br /></div><div>The striking similarity between both the Kings - Rāma and Dushmanta - is how they feel no need to be apologetic. It is poignant how much confidence they would have reposed in their wives to fully appreciate the necessity of ordeal they had to put them through and still anticipate understanding and warmth at the end of it. Of course this readily escapes the modern mind which cannot but think in atomistic terms.</div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Kamban and Vālmiki</h4></div><div><br /></div><div>Much has been written about the stark contrast between Kamban's Sītā and Vālmiki's Sītā. </div><div>Kamban - with his மானுடம் வென்றதம்மா <i>(humanity triumphed)</i> tempering - appeals to our sensibilities with poetic panache. Unlike Vālmīki's Sīta who rues her tragic ordeal, Kamban's Sītā lashes out in anger, rues having guarded herself, only to hear Rāma's harsh words. This we find more relatable an articulation of hurt than the idealised 'submission' in Vālmiki. After all we are chronologically closer to Kamban than Kamban was to Vālmiki!</div><div><br /></div><div>But I don't think the gentle difference in Dasarathā's words to Sītā in the two versions has received as much attention. I say so confidently, as I have not bothered to check.</div><div><br /></div><div>Dasaratha descends from the heavens after the AgniPariksha, embraces his sons and blesses them and Sītā.</div><div><br /></div><div>Now in Kamban he reassures her, saying: </div><div><br /></div><div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">“‘நங்கை! மற்றுநின் கற்பினை உலகுக்கு நாட்ட</span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">அங்கி புக்கிடு ‘‘ என்று உணர்த்திய அது மனத்து அடையேல்;</span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">சங்கை உற்றவர் பெறுவதும் உண்டு, அதுசரதம்;</span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">கங்கை நாடுடைக் கணவனை முனிவுறக் கருதேல்.</span></div></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Dear Girl</span></i></div><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></i></div><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Your husband - the ruler of the country where the Ganga flows</span></i></div><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></i></div><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Asked you to enter the fire</span></i></div><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></i></div><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Only to demonstrate your purity to the World</span></i></div><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></i></div><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Do not take it to heart.</span></i></div><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></i></div><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;">To prove to those who doubt</span></i></div><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></i></div><div><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Is common.</span></i></div><div style="color: #800180;"><br /></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>Hate not your husband.</i></span></div></span></div><blockquote><p><br /></p></blockquote><p>Note, how - while still reserving high praise for her action - he does not find it out of place to insist 'having to prove herself' was necessary and not unheard of (given her station as the future queen of Ayōdhyā, one infers). </p><p>But the tone is still one of appeal - an appeal to his daughter-in-law to understand of his darling son. </p><div><p> Whereas in Vālmiki, he addresses her tenderly but even more firmly thus:</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi60XhxInjYKuUm4TJproIdw6i4F12TfBBqaOkY0ZLbqL75eAxEy230V81tC7NHRsVNvg9NpCAyTtc5ygLJgMrLdOD0YvwxkukMF9W5njRtta_GChJ51jULDJ1ELdEWvSbAJyjODFVXPxsbAvkw0OzEUffNsOmDJOP1eyxun-Ro_70VC6wiRmtlmn0cklv1/s1364/Screenshot%202023-09-26%20at%2012.42.14%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="196" data-original-width="1364" height="92" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi60XhxInjYKuUm4TJproIdw6i4F12TfBBqaOkY0ZLbqL75eAxEy230V81tC7NHRsVNvg9NpCAyTtc5ygLJgMrLdOD0YvwxkukMF9W5njRtta_GChJ51jULDJ1ELdEWvSbAJyjODFVXPxsbAvkw0OzEUffNsOmDJOP1eyxun-Ro_70VC6wiRmtlmn0cklv1/w640-h92/Screenshot%202023-09-26%20at%2012.42.14%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /> Make no mistake. He is all praise for her action (in the previous verse). But there is difference between <i>'please do not take it to heart'</i> (மனத்து அடையேல்) and the paternal advice, which is nearly an admonishment: <i>'thou shalt not render wrath' </i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div>It is to be noted that neither in Vālmiki or Kamban, is there an explicit call to prove herself by entering the fire. In Vālmiki, Rāmā tells her she can go and be with any of his brothers (Lakshmana, Bharatha, Shatrugna, Sugriva, Vibheeshana). Words so provocative that it may shock a pious reader.</div><div><br /></div><div>Whereas in Kamban, Rāmā says she can either choose to prove herself or she is free to leave him and do as she pleases.</div><div><i><br /></i><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3aFPv79sJVzl1suSapkP3mlkDybNtg5Ky_h0sZ00XwDod2DAEz5ysF4Ef3NOuCcN9JsgfZ9A0iZ12ELzfGqsXPc-K7mrQiV1oea8hu04cSG9amrvA6B54lx_BrDtiLMv2BzjD21QZzxvp/s400/Screen+Shot+2015-05-06+at+6.15.57+PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="400" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3aFPv79sJVzl1suSapkP3mlkDybNtg5Ky_h0sZ00XwDod2DAEz5ysF4Ef3NOuCcN9JsgfZ9A0iZ12ELzfGqsXPc-K7mrQiV1oea8hu04cSG9amrvA6B54lx_BrDtiLMv2BzjD21QZzxvp/w320-h320/Screen+Shot+2015-05-06+at+6.15.57+PM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dasaratha with Rāma on his lap - 17th centuryMéwar Rāmāyana paintings</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>SideNote</b>: Dasaratha being allowed to return from the heavens once to visit his sons is what the ādi-kavi imagined. The painter here has Dasaratha place the warrior who had just vanquished RāvaNa, on his lap. The arms worshipfully folded Sitā written by Vālmiki is here re-imagined as drawing a veil over her face.</div><p><br /></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><br /></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"><br /></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">Lead for செய்யுள்</h4><p>As I age, it is becoming nearly impossible to not see the friction between the individual instinct and the adherence to codes of conduct in almost everything. After all, the itihāsās were all about giving fullest aesthetic expression to these conundrums to us laity. </p><p><br /></p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">Rama chose Ayodhya <br /> Love's Sorrow was his own<br />Edward chose Mrs. Simpson<br /> So Albert got the throne<br /><br />It seems to bother none now <br /> But I gotta pick a bone<br />With how Charles chose Camilla<br /> But also got the throne</p>— dagalti (@dagalti) <a href="https://twitter.com/dagalti/status/1568097656551124994?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 9, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script> <p>As time marches on, leaving me and my unrelatable antiquated notions in the dust, a dull anxiety that seems to persistently gnaw is the erosion of sympathies that folks may have towards almost every moment of art I regard as a high-point. </p><p>What moved me may likely just cause most now to just shrug!</p><p>So, here I mope:</p><p><br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">To Do</h3><div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>தீபுகுதீ எனும்ராகவ ராணையை பூமகளாள் பணிய</i></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>தீபுகுதீச் சுடதீயினை தீவிட வானவரும் புகழ</i></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>தீபுகுதீ மையிலாளவள் மேன்மையை யாவருமன் றறிய</i></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>தீபுகுதீ எனகூறிய கோவலி யாருமறிந் திலறே</i></span></div></div><p><br /></p><p>வகை: கலித்துறை</p><p><b>பதம் பிரித்து</b></p><p><span style="color: #800180;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">"தீபுகுதீ!" எனும் ராகவர் ஆணையை பூமகளாள் பணிய</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">தீபுகு தீ சுட தீயினை தீ விட வானவரும் புகழ</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">தீபுகு தீமையிலாள் அவள் மேன்மையை யாவரும் அன்று அறிய</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">"தீபுகுதீ!" என கூறி கோ வலி யாரும் அறிந்திலரே</span></p><p><br /></p><p><b>உரை</b></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128); color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">"தீபுகுதீ!" எனும் ராகவர் ஆணையை பூமகளாள் பணிய</span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128); color: #2b00fe; font-family: verdana;">தீக்குள் புகுவாயாக எனும் ராகவரின் ஆணையை பூமகள் பணிய</span></p><p><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Kavivanar;">As the lady of the earth, obeyed the injunction of the Raghava: to enter the fire</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128); color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">தீபுகு தீ சுட தீயினை தீ விட வானவரும் புகழ</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);">தீக்குள் புகுந்த கற்புத்தீயே உருவானாவளான சீதையின் கற்புத்தீயின் வெம்மை சுட, அதைத் தாளாது, அக்நிதேவன் தீயை விட்டு வெளியேற, அவளது செயலை வானவரும் கண்டு புகழ</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);">Her fiery chastity was too hot for the Fire-God himself to handle and he escaped the fire; her act earned encomiums from the celestials</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">தீபுகு தீமையிலாள் அவள் மேன்மையை யாவரும் அன்று அறிய</span></p><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);">தீக்குள் புகுந்த தீமையே இல்லாதவளான சீதையின் மேன்மையை யாவரும் அன்று அறியுமாறு</span></span></div><div><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);">So as to ensure all would know that day, the greatness of she who is sinless, who entered the fire </span></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Karla;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);"><br /></span></span></div><div><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">"தீபுகுதீ!" என கூறி கோ வலி யாரும் அறிந்திலரே</span></p><div><i style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;">"தீக்குள் புகுதீ!" என்று கூறிய கோ (அரசன்) வலியை/வலிமையை யாரும் அறியவில்லையே</span></i></div></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Kavivanar;">The pain (and inner-strength) of the King who ordered her to enter the fire, know one knows</span></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">References</h3><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Mahabharatha : Api Parva - M.N.Dutt's verse-by-verse translation: <a href="https://archive.org/details/aproseenglishtr00duttgoog/page/n121/mode/2up">Chapter LXXIV</a></li><li>Valmiki Ramayana - Yuddha Kandam, <a href="https://www.valmiki.iitk.ac.in/sloka?field_kanda_tid=6&language=dv&field_sarga_value=121">Rama's acceptance of Sita</a></li><li>Valmiki Ramayana -Yuddha Kandam, <a href="https://www.valmikiramayan.net/utf8/yuddha/sarga119/yuddha_119_frame.htm">Dasaratha's advice</a></li><li>Kambaramayam - <a href="https://www.tamilvu.org/ta/library-l3700-html-l3700ind-133880">Darasaratha's advice</a></li><li><a href="http://ouocblog.blogspot.com/2014/07/image-sitas-test-by-fire.html">Agnipariksha painting</a> - The Mewar Ramayana </li><li><a href="https://archive.org/details/vedicindexofname01macduoft">Arthur MacDonnel's </a>comment on the word jāyā <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix8galCNf-mjdCAtRjVjxf3DjHdXPRHQ1QoKcYfnQLozcmjJY-UuWq8cu-nmda99XOrw7koYHtsmw1ACNa4PmPblmetclBkUNpwkqkEv0yn7UMlvxjbNw73u_bojC74WXIZN4bYKI5kP6_Pi8mcUIVD_JWz5vH0db4V_Get8tAHfUMnPA4j-AC6G4Lukbm/s1120/Screenshot%202023-09-27%20at%207.49.44%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="79" data-original-width="1120" height="46" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix8galCNf-mjdCAtRjVjxf3DjHdXPRHQ1QoKcYfnQLozcmjJY-UuWq8cu-nmda99XOrw7koYHtsmw1ACNa4PmPblmetclBkUNpwkqkEv0yn7UMlvxjbNw73u_bojC74WXIZN4bYKI5kP6_Pi8mcUIVD_JWz5vH0db4V_Get8tAHfUMnPA4j-AC6G4Lukbm/w640-h46/Screenshot%202023-09-27%20at%207.49.44%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></div></li></ol><div><br /></div><p></p><p><br /></p><br /></div>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-88394264937420587972023-09-13T11:47:00.011+05:302023-09-28T18:55:23.154+05:30நின் செயல் செய்து நிறைவு பெறும் வண்ணம்<p> </p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">மண்நசையும் பொன்நசையும் ஒண்ணசையும் ஒன்றிசைய மண்ணசையும்</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">புண்நசையும் மன்நசைய எண்டிசையும் தன்னிசையே என்றுசெயும்</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">விண்ணிசையா தென்நசையும் நன்நசையோ புன்நசையோ என்னசெயும்</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">விண்நசையை என்நசையாய் உண்நசைய கண்ணசையாய் வண்ணசையே</span></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>வகை: கலித்துறை</p><p>ஓசை: ஏந்திசை செப்பலோசை</p><br /> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="1" height="200px" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" name="myiFrame" scrolling="no" src="https://record.reverb.chat/embed/hhPb9VY8hxTnZRcGo1mt" style="border: 0px #ffffff none;" width="100%"></iframe> <p><br /></p><p><br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">பதம் பிரித்து</h3><div><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p></div><blockquote><div><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">மண் நசையும் பொன் நசையும் ஒண் நசையும் ஒன்று இசைய மண் அசையும்</span></p></div><div><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">புண் நசையும் மன் நசைய எண் திசையும் தன் இசையே என்று செயும்</span></p></div><div><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">விண் இசையாது என் நசையும் -நன் நசையோ புன் நசையோ - என்ன செயும்?</span></p></div><div><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">விண் நசையை என் நசையாய் உள் நசைய கண் அசையாய்! வள் நசையே!</span></p></div><div></div></blockquote><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">உரை</h3><div><br /></div><div>நசை என்றால் விருப்பம்</div><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>மண் நசையும் பொன் நசையும் ஒண் நசையும் ஒன்று இசைய மண் அசையும்</i></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: #38761d;">மண் மீதான விருப்பமும்</span></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: #38761d;">பொன் மீதான விருப்பமும்</span></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: #38761d;">(ஒண் = அழகு) அழகு மீதான விருப்பமும்</span></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: #38761d;">(இசைய = பொருந்த) ஒன்றாக பொருந்தும்போது</span></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: #38761d;">மண் அசையும்</span></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: red; font-family: Karla;">When the desire for land, gold and beauty come together well - the earth is turned over.</span></span></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>புண் நசைஇ மன் நசைய எண் திசையும் தன் இசையே என்று செயும்</i></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: #274e13;">புண்ணை விரும்பும் மன்னன் நசைய - வீரத்தழும்பேற்கத் துணியும் மன்னன் விரும்ப</span></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: #274e13;">எண் திசையும் - எட்டு திக்குகளிலும்</span></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: #274e13;">தன் இசையே என்று செயும் - தன் புகழே பரவுமாறு செய்வான்</span></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: red; font-family: Karla;">The King who loves dangerous challenges, will have his fame spread far and wide, if he so likes</span></span></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>விண் இசையாது என் நசையும் -நன் நசையோ புன் நசையோ - என்ன செயும்?</i></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); color: #274e13;">விண் இசையாது - வானவர் விருப்பமில்லையெனில்</span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">என் நசையும் - எந்த ஒரு விழைவும்</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">நன் நசையோ புன் நசையோ - நல்ல விருப்பமோ கீழ்மையான விழைவோ</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">என்ன செயும்? - அந்த ஆசை என்ன சாதித்துவிடமுடியும்?</span></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: red; font-family: Karla;">Whether a honourable or base, all desires are inert without Divine Will?</span></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>விண் நசையை என் நசையாய் உள் நசைய கண் அசையாய் வள் நசையே</i></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); color: #274e13;">விண் நசையை - தெய்வ சித்தம் எதுவோ</span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">என் நசையாய் - (அதை) என் விருப்பமாக </span></span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">உள் நசைய - என் உள்ளத்தில் ஆத்மார்த்தமாக நான் விரும்ப</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">கண் அசையாய் - (அருளி, அதற்கு சமிக்ஞையாகக்) கண் அசைக்கமாட்டாயோ</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">வள் நசையே - (இவ்வுலகத்தின் இயக்கசக்தியாக இருக்கு) மஹா இச்சையே</span></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: red; font-family: Karla;">Glance at me and grant </span></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: red; font-family: Karla;">Thy Wish as that my heart should truly desire</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><span style="color: red;">O Thou who is the <br />All animating </span></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); color: red;">Desire</span></span></p>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-29468527119755330872023-09-07T21:23:00.006+05:302023-09-12T11:18:31.885+05:30Judex Ergo Sum<div class="separator"><p style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></p></div><div class="separator"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Akeel Bilgrami" aria-hidden="false" class="r48jcc pT0Scc iPVvYb" height="320" jsaction="VQAsE" jsname="kn3ccd" src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57042c07859fd0990acfaad0/1488578312630-485NLOA9ESYNANVX1TXR/bilgrami.jpg" style="height: 340px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 500px; width: 255px;" title="Akeel Bilgrami" width="240" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Akeel Bilgrami</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> <span> <span> </span></span>Akeel Bilgrami, in his recent <a href="https://www.theindiaforum.in/essay/gandhi-and-liberal-modernity-vexed-question-caste">essay</a> attempting to unpack Gandhi's views on caste, frames the approach as one grounded in a view of the pre-modern, pre-capitalist society as distinctly different from viewing the members of society as merely constituents of an economy. This, he argues is the key to understanding the evolution of Gandhi's stance on caste.</p><p> <span> <span> </span></span>This instructive essay is, in some ways, an elaboration of his <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/gandhi-marx-amp-the-ideal-of-an-unalienated-life/article23596677.ece">interview to Frontline in 2018</a>, where he mused on the tension inherent in the slogan: <i>Liberté, égalité and fraternité, </i>and the points at which the Marxian and Gandhian outlook towards this tension, overlap and distinctly depart from one another. </p><p> <span> <span> </span></span>The crux of Gandhi's conundrum that folks across the political spectrum can relate to is what Bilgrami succinctly states thus:</p><p></p><blockquote><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;">to retain caste was to resist the market ideal that undermined traditional social relations by setting up the freely saleable labour of atomised individuals. </span></blockquote><p></p><p>This sympathy of Gandhi was unsurprisingly rejected as a bad-faith defence of the status-quo, by Ambedkar.</p><p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/velivada.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ambedkar-and-mr-nehru-e1495904674575.png?w=636&ssl=1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="336" data-original-width="636" height="211" src="https://i0.wp.com/velivada.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ambedkar-and-mr-nehru-e1495904674575.png?w=636&ssl=1" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>Even those like Nehru who regarded Gandhi's tussle to retain the best of past while ushering in the new, with an indulgent curiosity, grossly underestimated the extent to which their comfort owed to their ability to take for granted certain advantages afforded by extant structures. <div><br /></div><div>Bilgrami rightly says Gandhi's engagement with the sheer magnitude of change in the face of modernity, was much deeper than that of Nehru's. <p></p><p>There were a few parts of the essay that provoked me into visiting my biases - always an unpleasant exercise - which in turn provoked me to write this meandering post and foist it on you. </p><p>For instance, Bilgrami writes:</p><p></p><blockquote><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;"> Gandhi, as a social philosopher writing on caste, is invoking a conjectural past in a theoretical deployment of mythos with the same theoretical motivation as a much more modernist mythos is invoked by any number of political philosophers, who appeal to a conjectural past when they, for example, posit a social contract.</span></blockquote><p></p><p>Now, I <b><u>perfectly perfectly</u></b> understand and appreciate what Bilgrami is trying to do here.</p><p>A 'modern' mind (like that of Ambedkar) would have little patience for Gandhian conjectures about the origins of our caste system being horizontal and the hollow assertion that hierarchy was only a latter day corruption.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Snidey segue</h3><p>By the way, such humorous conjectures are popular even in Hindutva circles (varna is about guna not birth) and Tamil Desiyam circles (Sangam kudis were osmotic). I conclude that is because most folks are unable to summon the gumption to see the obvious (<i>'I hold this truth to be self-evident'!</i>): birth based hierarchy/assignment of roles IS civilisation itself. </p><p>Cultural-political formations need their consolatory fictions to stitch together folks across the board against an 'other'; so they appeal to some sense of common pride (ethnocultural, linguistic, religious). They need to do that while ignoring the unseemly, yet essential, systemic rigours that enabled the civilisation itself. That is all there is to any claims that any time in the past was ever more 'equal' than a future we all trundle to.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Conjecture as a device of illumination</h3><p>Bilgrami is attempting to stave off the reflexive rejection that a modern mind is wont to reach for, when faced with the Gandhian conjecture of, '<i>caste as horizontal diversity',</i> and thus allow us to dwell on the approach sufficiently long. </p><p>Lenin's critique of the Narodniks, that Bilgrami elaborates on later in the essay, is especially enlightening to better understand Gandhi's sympathies and limitations.</p><p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://image.nakkheeran.in/cdn/farfuture/aC-eK6WhrZLXsHZqYXZbaPr13pjh2xI7PewxpLZ4Y9E/1631173590/sites/default/files/2021-09-09/ghh.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="800" height="248" src="https://image.nakkheeran.in/cdn/farfuture/aC-eK6WhrZLXsHZqYXZbaPr13pjh2xI7PewxpLZ4Y9E/1631173590/sites/default/files/2021-09-09/ghh.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i>Ayothidasa Pandithar</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table>Bilgrami argues that conjecture of such a pre-modern society, informs Gandhi's understanding of <i>diversity</i>. </div><div><br /></div><div>Understanding this is essential to achieve clarity on Gandhian approach on many social issues (which his detractors reduce and misunderstand), he argues. For example: in the '<i>question of minority rights</i>' Gandhi's concern is rooted in preservation and perpetuation of diversities, which stands in sharp contrast to Ambedkar's view of minority rights: access to power in order to eventually eradicate the diversities (which he holds are structurally incapable of ever according dignities). <p>Now, would I be as willing to extend the same courtesy to the conjectured alt-histories of, say, Ayōthidāsar? </p><p>Most certainly not! </p><p>Try as I might (and the Lord God knows I have tried again and again) I end up being annoyed at how his conjectures are largely baseless and highly motivated. I resent the recent ascendancy his far-fetched theories are having in the political mainstream. </p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Snidey Segue 2</h3><div>I do understand the noble intent that animate Ayōthidāsar's attempts. I am far more patronising than I would be to someone like Ambedkar, who had the capabilities to be quite rigorous when he wanted to and still could choose to write absolute <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job%2040%3A8&version=NIV">drivel like this.</a></div><p>Reminds me of Rāma telling Vāli (you see, I am maxing out on delusions of grandeur, but hey it's my blog!) that he knew enough about proper-conduct to excuse himself by circumstances of location. He <a href="https://www.tamilvu.org/node/154572?linkid=39611">says</a>:</p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTNcWzqkVoQwQVpqo7vmW7XhQF892GQryzHrA&usqp=CAU" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="234" data-original-width="216" height="400" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTNcWzqkVoQwQVpqo7vmW7XhQF892GQryzHrA&usqp=CAU" width="369" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Karla;"><i>The saint: Gee, wassup doc?</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">நின்ற நல் நெறி, நீ அறியா நெறி</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">ஒன்றும் இன்மை, உன் வாய்மை உணர்த்துமால்</span></p><p></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">You know that which is right</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">There is nothing about rightness that you know not</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">Your words themselves stand testament. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">(And yet you feign ignorance and advance fallacious arguments)</span></p><p> </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Appeal to Authority </h3><p>In his response to Ambedkar's 'Annihilation..', Gandhi wrote several articles in his paper <i>'Harijan'</i> (that have been collated <a href="https://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/mmt/ambedkar/web/appendix_1.html#:~:text=Nothing%20can%20be%20accepted%20as,Not%20learned%20men%20surely.">here under the heading 'A Vindication of Caste'</a>). A telling line in that is</p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;">Nothing can be accepted as the word of God which cannot be tested by reason or be capable of being spiritually experienced.</span></p><p>This typically Gandhi; emotive slipperiness, as opposed to Ambedkar's usually rigorous logic.</p><p>Many have criticised Gandhi as being intentionally sloppy, making an oily attempt to appropriate the chair of critic, assuming the language of inquiry but in the end, protecting the status-quo from the debilitating assault of rationality.</p><p>Ambedkar responded immediately and sharply (covered <a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2017/04/blog-post_14.html">earlier here</a>). He rightly accused Gandhi of not daring to imagine boldly enough to bring down moribund structures. </p><p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNYEFbrOj3knQLDKuQVAiVZu107MfqqBiwXY5AN3xJg9RvyMQvYF6A4rjR0silXQ5qSXhtY2T29hi8iIwu-gwDWvdP3C1_6hQ7xFwioBEa-6yzBBDg_gJwtesjgO7aWIl8HxugXTQAIn_Q3rT7zc5PriOFyjLvaldnTN2brLLR3FbBPpkOrxGYYohyM7WM/s731/Screenshot%202023-09-05%20at%209.57.05%20AM.png" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="731" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNYEFbrOj3knQLDKuQVAiVZu107MfqqBiwXY5AN3xJg9RvyMQvYF6A4rjR0silXQ5qSXhtY2T29hi8iIwu-gwDWvdP3C1_6hQ7xFwioBEa-6yzBBDg_gJwtesjgO7aWIl8HxugXTQAIn_Q3rT7zc5PriOFyjLvaldnTN2brLLR3FbBPpkOrxGYYohyM7WM/s320/Screenshot%202023-09-05%20at%209.57.05%20AM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: georgia;">Who can I presume to advice a magician?</span></i></td></tr></tbody></table>One can almost visualise Nehru watching with amusement, Gandhi struggling with the question of tradition - the inability to do away with it forthwith and the heroic attempt to effect a tempered change.<br /><p></p><p>Although Nehru had his typical modern distance - even disdain - for much of what traditions stood for, it would be fair to say, that he spoke from a luxury that came from taking for granted the second order effects of the culture, enabled by sheer survival.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>On the other hand, the conservatives would be fair to ask '<i>Who is Gandhi to filter and mould what constitutes tradition</i>?'</p><p>The disgruntlement was best articulated by God himself in Job <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job%2040%3A8&version=NIV">40:8</a></p><p><span style="color: #800180;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #800180;">“Would you discredit my justice?</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180;"> Would you condemn me to justify yourself?</span></p></blockquote><p>But, pragmatically speaking, the conservatives today would do well to see the selfsame question proceeds from those who would have traditions <i>tabula rasa</i>'d by the eventuality that is 'modernity'. </p><p>For those conservatives who find the the spectrum of postures on offer : from humanist bleeding heart sympathy to the studied nonchalance in the face of eventuality - to be unappetisingly limited, this realisation should give some pause.</p><p>In his 1966 essay <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4189328">Chakravathi Rajagopalachari and Indian Conservatism</a>, Howard L.Erdman writes:</p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="font-family: Karla;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6EELnE35Wxz-pqoW_CGi-CuwrJf8uCi-iotTUaVGmJ5CG7TVcf73GCigdY3-tH6ToWCwIXOBIiFCWtpwBpTnTCBnABwETG51SVn3j4BLG8Ea9FOdkGpwl8VVqVLmT5abN0xesgmTz5bJazk1k4zsxT27_uLRRlRuUTYXELGb5sZAVsmrMLf0HRfAa93lI/s600/CzTY-NOUcAIGR33.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6EELnE35Wxz-pqoW_CGi-CuwrJf8uCi-iotTUaVGmJ5CG7TVcf73GCigdY3-tH6ToWCwIXOBIiFCWtpwBpTnTCBnABwETG51SVn3j4BLG8Ea9FOdkGpwl8VVqVLmT5abN0xesgmTz5bJazk1k4zsxT27_uLRRlRuUTYXELGb5sZAVsmrMLf0HRfAa93lI/s320/CzTY-NOUcAIGR33.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr></tbody></table>That there may be a latent communalism in Rajaji's approach cannot be doubted. That it will not become overtly communal in Rajaji's hands is, perhaps is one of the best things that can be said about his conservatism, but it is my no means insignificant</span></span></blockquote><p>Anyone with a cursory familiarity with Rajaji's writings and works would find this summary quite harsh and uncharitable. </p><p><br /></p><p>There is no such statesman today who considers it his duty in history to moderate the tide of change. Polity is so polarised that we only have a justification of untrammelled individual agency and its consequent reactionary stifling.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>Whose Call</b></h3><p>Which brings this meandering blogpost to the point of permanent interest of this blog: <b>me</b>.</p><p>I am forced to face the utterly subjective and highly biased nature of my choices on what kind of conjectures I indulge insofar as they promise some edification, and what kind of conjectures I dismiss as mischievous, tainted by unscrupulous intent and portend a terminal upending of narratological propriety. </p><p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwbzeg5-9zSSPDncwAkZOkSV8H4BaSoCrQy3SZoLv82ds5iMUCvIAi8Nm916B5eQaIiAWrnnD64UdQn9od4JdqFagulbFIOiny6J0muqMBc62YFh7nopInlseHLkZ0dgI5kCPyLkqIesAPsDkzh4t1YIJzrZLjn0jVKCi9fi5IzcnyQK_mXRaU83evzerc/s619/Screenshot%202023-09-05%20at%209.45.30%20AM.png" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="619" data-original-width="509" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwbzeg5-9zSSPDncwAkZOkSV8H4BaSoCrQy3SZoLv82ds5iMUCvIAi8Nm916B5eQaIiAWrnnD64UdQn9od4JdqFagulbFIOiny6J0muqMBc62YFh7nopInlseHLkZ0dgI5kCPyLkqIesAPsDkzh4t1YIJzrZLjn0jVKCi9fi5IzcnyQK_mXRaU83evzerc/w329-h400/Screenshot%202023-09-05%20at%209.45.30%20AM.png" width="329" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i>Lenin debates Mikhalovsky - by Boris Lebednev</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table>In his response to one Nikolai Mikhalovsky, a Narodnik political writer who seems to have proposed a sort of a Thomas Carlyle-ish 'great-man' theory (as opposed to viewing all individuals are mere actors who inevitably bring to bear the dialectical forces), <a href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1894/narodniks/ch02.htm#v01pp72-395">Lenin comes down rather heavily thus</a>:<p></p><p></p><blockquote><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;">why are the actions of some living individuals called elemental, while of the actions of others it is said that they “move events” towards previously set aims? It is obvious that to search for any theoretical meaning here would be an almost hopeless undertaking. The fact of the matter is that the historical conditions which provided our subjectivists with material for the “theory” consisted (as they still consist) of antagonistic relations and gave rise to the expropriation of the producer. Unable to understand these antagonistic relations, unable to find in these latter the social elements with which the “solitary individuals” could join forces, the subjectivists confined themselves to concocting theories which consoled the “solitary” individuals with the statement that history is made by “living individuals.” The famous “subjective method in sociology” expresses nothing, absolutely nothing, but good intentions and bad understanding. </span></blockquote><p></p><p>Ouch!</p><p>The likes of Ambedkar would not accord even that '<i><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">good intention but bad understanding</span></i>' characterisation to guardians like Mahatma Gandhi.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><b>Code</b></h3><p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTZAzLfP91lojS3uawPC6H9UsOAkDjSm95zUw&usqp=CAU" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="180" height="320" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTZAzLfP91lojS3uawPC6H9UsOAkDjSm95zUw&usqp=CAU" width="230" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i>G.K.Chesterton</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p>When conscience and morality are informed by a code, how does one presume to decide what is a benign - or rather even necessary - mutation of the code?</p><p>As Chesterton said (as only Chesterton can)</p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;">“We do not want a church that will move with the world. We want a church that will move the world.” </span></p><p></p></blockquote><p>A conservative reading this and nodding his head in agreement, would find himself in curious agreement with Lenin's above critique of Narodnik's sociology (and by a similar token Ambedkar's criticism of Gandhi) - except that the conservative operates from the completely opposite sympathies. He wants to - well duh! - conserve.</p><p>Perhaps, a conservative's curiosities would lie in knowing what tradition has to say about change and the 'great individuals'.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Elemental is not elementary</h3><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Shurpanakhi_Asks_for_Rama's_Love.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="648" data-original-width="600" height="400" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Shurpanakhi_Asks_for_Rama's_Love.jpg" width="370" /></a></div><p>Rāmā is praised as the embodiment of dharmā itself. Kamban refers to him as அறத்தின் நாயகன், தருமமூர்த்தி and such.</p><p>And yet he is not the great individual who deviates and lords over change. But he is the figure who adheres and upholds the code. In Mikhailovsky's words 'elemental'. Now this is not a sacrilege to be apologetic about, because in the Sanātana tradition, to be called 'elemental' is hardly a derisive epithet but is actually fulsome praise.</p><p>For instance when rebuffing the advances of Sūrpanaka, the words he uses to rebuff it not because he was married but that he was a Kshatriya and she was of Brahmin descent and it would be inappropriate (pratilōma) union:<br /></p><p><a href="http://tamilvu.org/slet/l3100/l3730sog.jsp?x=2780">அந்தணர் பாவை நீ; யான் அரசரில் வந்தேன்' என்றான்</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Tolkāppiyam explains an appropriate union thus:</p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">ஒத்த கிழவனும் கிழத்தியும் காண்ப</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">மிக்கோ னாயினும் கடிவரை யின்றே</span></p></blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><p></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">The 'equal' hero and heroine shall meet</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">If the hero is her better that is also acceptable</span></p></blockquote><p>If I may paraphrase what the principal grammarian says: <i>even when depicting a love-at-first-sight situation, the poet had better ensure it is NOT a pratilōmā</i></p><p>And pray what are measures of 'equality'? Tolkāppiyar clarifies in the very next verse </p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"></span></p></blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">பிறப்பே குடிமை ஆண்மை ஆண்டொடு</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">உருவு நிறுத்த காம வாயில்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"> நிறையே அருளே உணர்வொடு திருஎன</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">முறையுறக் கிளந்த ஒப்பினது வகையே </span></p></blockquote></blockquote><p></p><p></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">The ten points of comparison (to determine equality are)</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">Birth, Clan, Ability, Age</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">Beauty, Love</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">Propriety, Grace, Feeling, Wealth</span></p></blockquote><p>Now, Tolkāppiyam's poruL-athikāram is a style-guide governing ideal depictions in poetry. While it is not a smriti that dictates social relations of its age (whenever that was!), insofar as it suggests the depictions palatable to the audience, it can be understood to be reflecting the social morés of its day.</p><p>This poses an obvious problem to those whose entire sociopolitical identity is steeped in the fictive Tamil exceptionalism, which rests on the uneasy (and absurdly untenable) assumption of an 'equal' past. So, all these inconvenient verses have been handled using the highly predictable cope of branding them en-masse as '<i>wily latter day interpolation</i>'. </p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Man, in his element</h3><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/King_Dushyanta_proposing_marriage_with_a_ring_to_Shakuntala._Wellcome_V0045115.jpg/220px-King_Dushyanta_proposing_marriage_with_a_ring_to_Shakuntala._Wellcome_V0045115.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="301" data-original-width="220" height="400" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/King_Dushyanta_proposing_marriage_with_a_ring_to_Shakuntala._Wellcome_V0045115.jpg/220px-King_Dushyanta_proposing_marriage_with_a_ring_to_Shakuntala._Wellcome_V0045115.jpg" width="293" /></a></div><p></p><p>So, much like when justifying his felling of Vāli as one consistent with the code, in this rebuffing of Sūrpanakā, Rāmā clearly says he is adhering to the code (as explained quite accessibly in the verses in Tolkāppiyam above). </p><p>On, the other hand, Dushyantha (father of the eponymous Bharatha) dealt with the conflict between adherence to a code and a supposed deviation, quite interestingly.</p><p>He finds himself drawn to Sakuntalā - who is ostensibly a muni kanyā. </p><p>Now can he wed her in a gandharva vivāha - a union decided just by the consent of the man and woman in question.</p><p>A Kshatriya man ought not to marry a Brahmin woman. </p><p>And secondly, gandharva vivāha was not permissible for Brahmin women</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Periyāzhwar - one of the few Brahmin Azhwārs in the Tamil Vaishnavite tradition, assuming the tone of the mother grieving on behalf of her love-lorn daughter (a beautiful Sangam Tamil trope, seamlessly ported into Bhakthi literature) <a href="http://www.tamilvedham.org/index.php?r=site/pasuram1&username=&song_no=302&thirumoli_id=8&prabhandam_id=4&alwar_id=">sings</a>:</p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">வேடர் மறக்குலம் போலே</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"> <span> <span> <span> </span></span></span>வேண்டிற்றுச் செய்து என்மகளைக்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">கூடிய கூட்டமே யாகக் </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span> <span> <span> </span></span></span>கொண்டு குடி வாழுங் கொல்லோ?</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">நாடும் நகரும் அறிய </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span> <span> <span> </span></span></span>நல்லது ஓர் கண்ணாலம் செய்து </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">சாடு இறப் பாய்ந்த பெருமான் </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span> <span> <span> </span></span></span>தக்கவா கைப்பற்றுங் கொல்லோ?</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">Will the Lord who vanquished Sakatāsura</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;"> Properly take my daughter's hand</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">In a manner that town and country know</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">Or will they just cohabit</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">And consider that marriage enough</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">As is done amongst hunters and Kings</span></p><p><br /></p><p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://scontent.fmaa3-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/165006224_917795199021287_1442170037708471724_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=a26aad&_nc_ohc=wYueIRwLVncAX_njZ6N&_nc_ht=scontent.fmaa3-2.fna&oh=00_AfBx1Ry8aDTvkGCDF8GZDrhFPZkvnfuvU0u16pgyms1Bfg&oe=6520E756" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="598" data-original-width="800" height="239" src="https://scontent.fmaa3-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/165006224_917795199021287_1442170037708471724_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=a26aad&_nc_ohc=wYueIRwLVncAX_njZ6N&_nc_ht=scontent.fmaa3-2.fna&oh=00_AfBx1Ry8aDTvkGCDF8GZDrhFPZkvnfuvU0u16pgyms1Bfg&oe=6520E756" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i>Gandharva couple : Chandela sculpture</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>Side-note</b>: this was the form of marriage that was the norm for gandharvas (the harp wielding celestial minstrels) and is beautifully Tamilized in Tolkāppiyam as யாழோர் கூட்டம். <p></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Now, as discussed earlier, even such a union ought not to be pratilõma (where the கிழவன் is neither ஒத்த nor மிக்கோன் of the கிழத்தி).</p><p>But, Dushyanta reasons that, given his hitherto unflinching adherence to the code, his conscience is a reliable moral compass and he would not have been drawn to something violative of the code.</p><p>He gives himself a compliment that <span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">'when in doubt, the instinct of good-men is a reliable guide to truth'</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ4BLUsH1cN8dv86lGC1fvumnE7Dj5YxxwHGj-Xs_W1t5JKwkOPklmkAPGW1l7jjI9j4ihHHseLr4UC-5wcseO7wjwjTG87WPsvZS1qdGbSmr3-cxz2PYlr6_QiomCFZX0rkqVejuRB8vKCqvyObSlFXuFTBa5aiWuBhDy1QteSZxLajzdTmmMV-dyWYcS/s574/Screenshot%202023-09-05%20at%2010.22.25%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="414" data-original-width="574" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ4BLUsH1cN8dv86lGC1fvumnE7Dj5YxxwHGj-Xs_W1t5JKwkOPklmkAPGW1l7jjI9j4ihHHseLr4UC-5wcseO7wjwjTG87WPsvZS1qdGbSmr3-cxz2PYlr6_QiomCFZX0rkqVejuRB8vKCqvyObSlFXuFTBa5aiWuBhDy1QteSZxLajzdTmmMV-dyWYcS/w640-h462/Screenshot%202023-09-05%20at%2010.22.25%20PM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i>Translated by Monier Williams</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The literalists who infer from this a mere justification for perpetuation of inequities, are best left to converse among theirs peers.</p><p>But for those who can abstract away atleast to the level of the Lenin-Mikhailovsky debate, this circular reasoning would be quite striking. </p><p>For instance, I shall invite you to muse on how the mixed varna lineages as listed in famous <a href="https://sacred-texts.com/hin/manu/manu10.htm">tenth chapter of Manu</a> do not exactly map to the what is mentioned in the <a href="https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m13/m13b013.htm">Anushasana Parva</a> of Mahabharatha. </p><p>Does it not beg the questions: </p><p>-how many non-elemental, <i>'great individuals'</i> were there to effect the changes to re-codify this? </p><p>-What were the intervening changes that disturbed the stasis to urge the recording of the re-codification? - - What extent of technological stasis and demographical insularity/stability would have enabled a relative cultural continuity before the next civilisational perturbance?</p><p>Now, how this ties into Gandhi's views on caste, technology, trusteeship economics, Hindi Swaraj, Harijan welfare, village self-reliance, decentralisation, Hindu-Muslim relations and so on, is left as an exercise for you, my dear reader!</p><p><b>Ref:</b></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Akeel Bilgrami 2023, <a href="https://www.theindiaforum.in/essay/gandhi-and-liberal-modernity-vexed-question-caste">Gandhi and Liberal Modernity: The Vexed Question of Caste</a></li><li>Akeel Bilgrami 2018, Interview to Frontline <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/gandhi-marx-amp-the-ideal-of-an-unalienated-life/article23596677.ece">Gandhi, Marx, and the ideal of an 'unalienated life</a></li><li>This blog, <a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2021/06/blog-post_3.html">எட்மண்ட் பர்க்க்</a></li><li>Mahatma Gandhi, <a href="https://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/mmt/ambedkar/web/appendix_1.html#:~:text=Nothing%20can%20be%20accepted%20as,Not%20learned%20men%20surely.">A vindication of Caste</a></li><li>Howard Erdman 1966, <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4189328">Chakravathi Rajagopalachari and Indian Conservatism</a></li><li>The Laws of Manu (translated by George Bühler) - <a href="https://sacred-texts.com/hin/manu/manu10.htm">Chapter X</a></li><li>The Mahabharata (translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguly) - <a href="https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m13/m13b013.htm">Anushasanika Parva SECTION XLVIII</a></li><li>Rāmā's response to Sūrpanakā - ஆரண்ய காண்டம் <a href="http://tamilvu.org/slet/l3100/l3730sog.jsp?x=2780">கோவை கம்பன் ட்ரஸ்ட் உரை</a></li><li>Rāmā's response to Vāli - கிட்கிந்தா காண்டம் <a href="https://www.tamilvu.org/node/154572?linkid=39611">கோவை கம்பன் ட்ரஸ்ட் உரை</a></li><li><a href="https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-a-reproduction-of-boris-lebedev-s-painting-the-dispute-between-lenin-22880706.html">Boris Lebedev s painting</a> The Dispute Between Lenin and Narodnik Mikhailovsky From the Lenin s Youth series</li><li><a href="http://www.tamilvedham.org/index.php?r=site/pasuram1&username=&song_no=302&thirumoli_id=8&prabhandam_id=4&alwar_id=">பெரியாழ்வார் திருமொழி 3.8.6</a> </li><li>Gandharva Couple <a href="https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=917795192354621&set=a.575010706633073">pic</a></li><li>Abijnāna Sakuntalam - <a href="https://archive.org/details/sakuntalasanskri00kaliiala">translated by Monier Williams</a></li></ol><p></p><p><br /></p></div>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-75269244528516658582023-08-15T19:42:00.004+05:302023-09-12T11:04:45.515+05:30Sound Fury and Significance<div class="separator"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></div><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Milan Kundera's </span><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/milan-kundera-author-of-the-unbearable-lightness-of-being-dies-at-94/article67071176.ece" style="font-family: georgia;">passing</a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> took me back to the time I discovered - by sheer chance - his novel <i>'Life Is Elsewhere</i>'. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">The impact it had on my twenty year old self was nothing like anything felt from any other novel before - or since.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03314/Milan_Kundera_3314205b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><img border="0" data-original-height="386" data-original-width="620" height="386" src="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03314/Milan_Kundera_3314205b.jpg" width="620" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">It is easy to say 'before'. </span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br />But admitting to 'since' is an admission to inadequacies in tastes and maturity.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Surely his <i>Unbearable Lightness...</i> is a better novel. Surely there are greater litterateurs.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">But this is the novel 'spoke to me' the most. A feeling I sought in the other works I came to read later and was unable to connect with as well.</span></p><p><i><span style="font-family: georgia;">But did you read 'Life is Elsewhere' again to see if your impression has changed over time?</span></i></p><p><i><span style="font-family: georgia;">Or did you not do that, precisely because you worried it may not hold up?</span></i></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">This may be fair gotcha questions to be ask about many other novels. <br />But not about this one.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">For this novel is about maturity itself. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">There are many works of art whose appeal to the reader's exaggerated sense of self-exceptionalisation. The popularity of those works- insofar as they speak to a universality of the experience expiated therein- ought to deflate readerly delusions. But ironically they tend to only heighten self-assessments of refinement!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">What sets <i>Life is Elsewhere</i> apart (of course, I would say so wouldn't I !) is the pervasive self-awareness of the artistic state of mind which precedes the minor detail of artistic creation itself.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">While it is a bit of Kundera signature to interject the proceedings of the narratives in his novels to offer his aphoristic assertions, in <i>Life is Elsewhere</i> they are woven into the core concerns of the novel/lead in ways more organic than I found in many other works. </span></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Segue to the unifying theme of this blog: Me, Myself & I-read</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Most of the artists I like tend to be folks who are hyper-aware of the inherent distancing from the primal experience of life, that is occasioned when one adopts an attitude towards art that is best expressed in Oscar Wilde's preface to his 'The Picture of Dorian Gray': <span style="color: #2b00fe;">"Vice and Virtue are to the artist, material for art"</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">For instance, Louis CK's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Love_You,_Daddy">I Love You Daddy</a> , while principally being about many many other things, is also about the artistic attitude being utterly at odds with living itself, and a direct tribute to the master Woody Allen's wrestling with such issues. (For a the best essay on the internet about this niche film, please click <a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2018/03/i-love-you-daddy.html">here</a>)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">In his 2017, <i>Wonder Wheel</i>, Woody had tried one more exploration of the 'A Streetcar Named Desire' (previously realised in the 2013 film <i>Blue Jasmine</i>)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Whereas Woody took the edge off the 'art v life' conundrum in his works like '<i>Deconstructing Harry</i>' with deceptively distracting humour, in Wonder Wheel he lays the eerie core bare. The Terry Malloy "<i>I coulda had class</i>" smoulder is poured into an end-note of chilling descent in Wonder Wheel. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">This was </span><a href="https://www.theringer.com/movies/2017/12/1/16721844/woody-allen-wonder-wheel-review" style="font-family: georgia;">harshly criticised</a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> as an inadequately realised vision - which it may very well be the takeaway for those who value mere objectivity.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">What I was particularly drawn to, was the portrayal of the aspirant writer life-guard as man who has actually been in the navy and seen the world feels, but considers himself experientially inadequate and is unironically drawn to a young woman running away from suffering and threat. Not only that, he actually verbalises this as the basis for his attraction!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">While trying to articulate why this film - and much of the much maligned 'Late Woody' - <i>hits -the-spot</i> so well, I was reminded of Kundera's approach to the art-life duality. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">I wanted to expand on this <a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2018/06/wonder-wheel.html">stub</a> by connecting the two and while researching (the things I do for you, dear reader!) I chanced upon this exceedingly well-argued essay by one </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">Prof. Daniel Just: </span><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44211290" style="font-family: georgia;"> Milan Kundera's Theory of the Novel as a Quest for Maturity</a></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Back to Kundera</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Truth be told the - I dredged it upon from the bookmarks and finally got around to reading it only to reading only this week.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">It was a thorough engagement with - what seems to have been - Kundera's careerlong concern with the place of the novel as a compass for life itself : novel's very idea being the presentation of irreducible complexity, the terrifying 'guideless'ness in a world where we live only once, the difficulty to take life, people, moralistic finalities seriously, but the inevitability of having to contend with these conundrums perpetually, the inevitability of a good degree of posturing, even in the most earnest of stances and so on. <br /><br />Heck, this very blog's title is inspired by the Kundera-vian idea of 'life' - where we accumulate mere(!) <i>anecdotal evidence</i> for what we gnawingly always new but we aren't the better for knowing in any which way. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">If anything the precocity only affords an exclusion from the emotions than animate others t, if not a degree of numbing from feeling authentic emotions.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Prof.Just argues well that mine is a reductive takeaway and that Kundera's position on maturity is that it deepens rather than detracts from the engagement with experience. I'll rest content with quoting:</span></p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Kundera’s theory and practice of the novel, maturity often appears as an<br />unspoken antithesis to immaturity, which in turn manifests itself via the proxy<br />of a “lyrical age,” a period of inexperience and a perspective on life that is lacking<br />in critical insight<br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">the predicament of this period is encapsulated in the formula<br />“life is elsewhere,” itself the title of a Kundera novel, Život je jinde (Life is Elsewhere), in which the protagonist, Jaromil, finds that the exuberance, fullness, and vitality of life is<br />always missing. Moreover, in the lyrical age, disappointments are inevitable and </span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">changes of strategies for seizing the missing fullness of life ineffectual. Thus, when </span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Jaromil turns away from Modernist poetry to become a Revolutionary poet, he </span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">encounters the same emptiness and disillusionment. He remains locked within </span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">the same lyrical self-involvement — never finding what he is looking for, but continuing </span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">to be unwavering in his convictions and always sure of himself.</span></p></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">The original title that Kundera intended for 'Life Is Elsewhere' is 'The Lyrical Age'. While not many would misunderstand Age to be an era (காலம்), there is a risk this may have been misunderstood as a phase (பருவம்). This is probably why Kundera ironically chose a more 'poetic' title. <br /><br /></span></p><p><span></span></p><blockquote><span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">As Život je jinde shows, the lyrical age is more than a period in an individual’s<br />life. It is an attitude toward life that, irrespective of age, wishes to reclaim experience<br />in its totality. Nor is this lyricism a consequence of modernity. For Kundera,<br />lyricism is an integral part of the human condition, an outcome of basic processes<br />that take place in the human psyche, irrespective of the historical era.</span></span></blockquote><span><br /></span><p></p><p><span>Further, Prof.Just clarifies:</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Kundera’s description of the extraordinary moments of amazement, quiet reconciliation,<br />and beauty of life’s density sounds lyrical, not because it is vague, but<br />because it resembles poetic clichés. But in spite of this resemblance, the fact<br />remains that these formulations do not describe a lyricism that excludes reflection<br />and critical thought. They are, one might say, poetic but not lyrical.<br />As a form of anti-lyrical poetics, a literary vehicle for fresh ideas and their<br />unique expression, and a cultural medium that brings to our attention life in its<br />entirety and concreteness, the novel, as Kundera theorizes it, teaches us how to be<br />mature. This maturity is not the Bildungsroman ideal of acculturation and coming<br />to terms with reality. Neither is it a result of accumulating functional knowledge.</span></blockquote><p></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p>This is the level of precision of his artistry which was conspicuously absent in the obituary litanies.</p><p><br /></p>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-37465918284625341942023-08-02T14:25:00.003+05:302023-08-02T21:28:20.811+05:30காயத்ரீ ஜபம் <div><br /></div><div><img border="1" height="400" src="https://www.harekrsna.com/philosophy/associates/demigods/gayatri.gif" width="289" /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">முத்துபவழபொன் நீலவெண்ணிறத் தைமுகச் சிறப்பும்</span></i><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"> </span></i><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">ரத்தினமகுடம் மீதொளிர்ந்திடு கூன்பிறை வனப்பும்</span></i><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">குத்திடங்குசமும் மண்டையோடொடு சங்குசக் கிரமும் </span></i><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">மத்தையொத்தகதை வார்கசையர விந்தமீ ரிணையும் </span></i><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></i><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">பத்தருக்களியும் அச்சநீக்கமும் என்றறு கரமும் </span></i><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 108pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">மொத்தமானதொரு தேவிமந்திரம் ஓதிடும் பொறுப்பும்</span></i><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></i><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">நித்தமெதையுமே செய்திடாதொரு நாளிலீ டுசெய்யும்</span></i><i><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span lang="TA" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 13pt;">பித்தினும்பெரிது காண்பதற்கிலை நகைஇசோ தரியே</span></i><i style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="qme"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#காயத்ரீஜபம்</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#எண்சீர்விருத்தம்</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#என்னைச்சொன்னேன்</a> <a href="https://t.co/dS0b0g0iSB">pic.twitter.com/dS0b0g0iSB</a></p>— dagalti (@dagalti) <a href="https://twitter.com/dagalti/status/1686654880742825984?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 2, 2023</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><div>வகை: எண் சீர் விருத்தம்</div><div>சந்தம்: ஒவ்வொரு அரையடியிலும் : கூவிளநறும்பூ கூவிளங்கனி கூவிளம் புளிமா</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>விளக்க்கம்</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>முத்து பவழ பொன் நீல வெண் நிறத்து ஐமுகச் சிறப்பும் - <span style="color: #2b00fe;">The greatness of the five faces of the hues Pearl, coral, golden, sapphire blue and white</span></li><li>ரத்தின மகுடம் மீது ஒளிர்ந்திடு கூன் பிறை வனப்பும் - <span style="color: #2b00fe;">the beauty of the crescent that shines above the gem-studded crown</span></li><li>குத்திடு அங்குசமும் மண்டையோடொடு சங்கு சக்ரமும் - <span style="color: #2b00fe;">the poking goad, the skull, the conch and the discus</span></li><li>மத்தை ஒத்த கதை வார் கசை அரவிந்தம் ஈரிணையும் - <span style="color: #2b00fe;">the churner like mace, the whip and the pair of lotuses</span></li><li>பத்தருக்கு அளியும் அச்சநீக்கமும் என்று அறு கரமும் - <span style="color: #2b00fe;">the hand that has the varada mudra of blessing and the abaya mudra that removes fears and the six above arms (i..e the ones that wield weapons - the lotus wielding and mudra hands apart) </span></li><li>மொத்தமானது ஒரு தேவி மந்திரம் ஓதிடும் பொறுப்பும் <span style="color: #2b00fe;">(such is the form of the Devi's whose mantra one has the duty to chant)</span></li><li>நித்தம் எதையும் செய்திடாது ஒரு நாளில் ஈடு செய்யும் <span style="color: #2b00fe;">(chant daily but I do nothing and in this one day I try to make up for it) </span></li><li>பித்தினும் பெரிது காண்பதற்கு இல்லை நகைஇ சோதரியே <span style="color: #2b00fe;">(there is no greater foolhardy than this to be seen anywhere. You can laugh at this O' sister). <b>Note</b>: Gayatri is considered the elder sister of Brahmanas. </span></li></ol></div><div><br /></div><div>The first lines are of course pretty much an attempted Tamilization of the invocation of Gayatri Devi :</div><div><br /></div><div><div><i>Mukta-vidruma - hema-nila-dhavala-chayair mukhair-tryakshnaih,</i></div><div><i>Yuktam indu-nibadha-ratna-makutam tatvarthavarnatmikam</i></div><div><i>Gayatrim varadabhayankusa-kasam subhram-kapalam gadam</i></div><div><i>Sankham chakram atha aravindayugalam hastair vahantim bhaje</i></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>I pray to the three-eyed Gayatri, her five faces tinged with shades of pearl, coral, gold, sapphire, and white, whose crown studded with precious stones is topped by the moon, the embodiment of utterances signifying the Supreme Truth, who wields the goad, the whip, the white skull, the mace, the conch and the discus (in six of her hands), and holding a pair of lotuses in each hand, displays with the other two the mudras conferring boons and fearlessness.</div></div><div><br /></div><div>Ref: <a href="https://www.harekrsna.com/philosophy/associates/demigods/gayatri.htm">https://www.harekrsna.com/philosophy/associates/demigods/gayatri.htm</a></div><div><br /></div><div>The last line is an attempted expiation!</div>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-72342680948457465022023-06-24T23:01:00.005+05:302023-06-25T10:34:09.450+05:30 Will KamalHassan apologise for Mahanadhi ?<p><span style="color: #434343; font-family: trebuchet; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;">Background</span></span></h1><span id="docs-internal-guid-afe38b6d-7fff-234c-3bec-c2aca49db092"><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For long, KamalHaasan’s classic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thevar_Magan">Thevar Magan</a> has been subjected to criticism that it was insufficiently aware of how the film - despite its patronising and pontifical tone - would be received with a warm glow of pride by the Thevars. Indeed, there is no contesting that ‘potri paadadi ponne’ - a Thevar paen - has come to become a peerless anthem of sorts. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YgtU_x__8gA" width="320" youtube-src-id="YgtU_x__8gA"></iframe></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">While the extent of ‘out-of-context’ celebration may have been surprising, one cannot lose sight of the fact that song itself realised a specific purpose within and for the film first: within the film’s narrative and for, one reasonably assumes, the film's commercial prospects then. To imbue the makers in the business of mainstream films with virtues of thorough naivete is unnecessary.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">That said, over the years, the criticism has gradually escalated to the absurd heights of accusing him of gross social irresponsibility for not anticipating everything that the song has come to stand for. This type of reductive engagement - which is not without its performative element - has come to become typical in pop discourse. And in this age of social media, the artists have been falling over themselves to respond to such criticisms and thus emboldening even marginal readings of questionable validity. </span></p><br /><h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Apology</span></h3><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In a 2019 interview to Ananda Vikatan, KamalHaasan has </span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">gone on to somewhat apologise for the song</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Kamal Haasan on Thevar Magan and the consequences it had on the society: 'Ilaiyaraaja and I, and on behalf of Vaali, who is no more, should ask forgiveness for it.' <a href="https://t.co/msQPxEJQdO">pic.twitter.com/msQPxEJQdO</a></span></p><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">— 𝙿𝚂 (@dostoyevesque) <a href="https://twitter.com/dostoyevesque/status/1671435259085492231?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 21, 2023</a></span></blockquote><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script>
Whether it is a final annoyed response to decades of badgering or it is some kind of genuine expression of remorse for what the song has gone on to symbolise, one really cannot tell. </span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">But, <a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2018/02/blog-post.html">as one who views his political foray as replete with earnest naivete</a> , this author hesitates to call his apology a political gesture. In any case, it rings hollow, given that just in 2017 KamalHaasan sang the eminently forgettable ‘</span><span style="color: #1155cc; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">thekkathi singamadA muthuramalingamada</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">’ for the even more forgettable film: Muthuramalingam. A more direct and tasteless Thevar bravado film and song is a challenge to conceive- it taps into the caste pride of viewers who would likely adore a paean to Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar. </span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p></span></span><blockquote style="border: medium; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pVzGhiJUi90" width="320" youtube-src-id="pVzGhiJUi90"></iframe></div></span></span></blockquote><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If there is one artist who ought to know better than to apologise for unintended readings of his works, it is KamalHaasan. It has been open season with him for decades now, with cottage industries across the political spectrum waiting to be offended by something he attempts in every new film. So if he is indeed going to apologise for consequences/readings, he is going to have time for little else.</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">And worse still, if the apology he is offering privileges the ‘intent’ behind his creation - that severely circumscribes the only - let me repeat in case you missed the word ONLY - writer in Tamil cinema who has anything of substance to SAY.</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">So, depending on how sympathetic you are to him, you may consider the ‘apology’ gracious or convenient.</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">But admiration for an artist does not oblige one to appreciate his grace nor care for his convenience. The admirer’s truck is with the art itself. And what follows is a grumpy protest: here is a case for why KamalHaasan should apologise for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahanadhi_(film)">Mahanadhi</a>.</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mahanadhi</span></h3><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">On the surface Mahanadhi is about a genuine sincere man, Krishnaswamy, who is ruined in the big bad corrupt city. After a series of batteries and losing to lessers and briefly considering bowing out, he flares up and makes a personal sacrifice. The film raises the moral question: what sacrifices will are you ready to make in order to take a moral stand, in order to retain the right to question others? Behind the gore, the quandary is actually Gandhian!</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">With the memorable cinematography of debutant M.S.Prabhu, typical masterly score by Ilayaraja and deft helming by director Santhanabharathi of KamalHassan’s screenplay - the film has rightly come to be remembered as one of the finest films of all time in Tamil Cinema. The combination of visuals and locales and characters had a fluidity that has characterised - but rarely been matched by- KamalHaasan’s works since then. </span></p><br /><h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Feudal Lord and Modernity</span></h3><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Who is Krishnaswamy though? </span><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHZ0J-p1XA8U7MLUFvksyP3zeJ0LCCo1towLf7tamCDISNq35UUwmOFAOglyISNTJk6ou9eMwFU3_RUCbSGBWSJ7SFPAUfYoRpQVg8z-nbRoRrbYhoRS-tnD6sNPexD1igEqOfk-iYONq65e6vKJvSTH4QF--EvJtY0-KTEJE-YkhDN7AokRlS5iwrh46m/s532/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.13.25%20PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="392" data-original-width="532" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHZ0J-p1XA8U7MLUFvksyP3zeJ0LCCo1towLf7tamCDISNq35UUwmOFAOglyISNTJk6ou9eMwFU3_RUCbSGBWSJ7SFPAUfYoRpQVg8z-nbRoRrbYhoRS-tnD6sNPexD1igEqOfk-iYONq65e6vKJvSTH4QF--EvJtY0-KTEJE-YkhDN7AokRlS5iwrh46m/w400-h295/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.13.25%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>He is no common man. He is a feudal lord who has managed to land in jail (where we are introduced to him). </span></span><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; white-space: pre-wrap;">It is seductive to look at this as a parallel to another feudal lord who is heading to prison at the end of his movie - Sakthi (Thevar Magan). </span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><br /><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></span><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQc7xADJQZPIP31Bp_pLk6vti81xxyT7G457XIidQKX2CasJTft5E_SWChPKV93dlJcEp_TKeSb7mE6cagVmtufBn5zR8_VnLojBr3dgWgtzBxrPfhHYhfR-f_8PUPZrEpGFvzNSuTpJY_ebJb9EAOgepUq74LImxoiwKB7RuXjTKnY-7DhmiJdt1MU2ed/s488/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.14.51%20PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="488" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQc7xADJQZPIP31Bp_pLk6vti81xxyT7G457XIidQKX2CasJTft5E_SWChPKV93dlJcEp_TKeSb7mE6cagVmtufBn5zR8_VnLojBr3dgWgtzBxrPfhHYhfR-f_8PUPZrEpGFvzNSuTpJY_ebJb9EAOgepUq74LImxoiwKB7RuXjTKnY-7DhmiJdt1MU2ed/w400-h308/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.14.51%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></span></div>Sakthi is from the ‘modern world’ and prefers its individualism, its uncertainty and is ostensibly comfortable being the commoner there and earning his stripes. </span></span></span></div><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">He wants out of the near-deification he is certain to inherit. He resents everything the village is, much to the dismay of his father. The appeal that this theme has for anyone negotiating (and often exaggerating) the quandary of one’s personal move towards individualism forsaking all manners of heritage and tradition (often due to limited literacy of the same), cannot be overstated. </span><p></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxP11Nait_2BiNSM945LdpPIXhFm_C0XHAk7gFt7HYIfo35Gvs3soRXG0REWymDq7BZSOXpC4LJb5WLTwQ2O3iu33StdGcRMVVp7qEhUG3767xbMd8Io6ilrz8o932_gfE6THcBHlqpo2oKC8hJj5dTwfhiCjk8nNoUFrHBQKVXfeGOLdKG6ZavRmAW1Lf/s664/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.28.16%20PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="347" data-original-width="664" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxP11Nait_2BiNSM945LdpPIXhFm_C0XHAk7gFt7HYIfo35Gvs3soRXG0REWymDq7BZSOXpC4LJb5WLTwQ2O3iu33StdGcRMVVp7qEhUG3767xbMd8Io6ilrz8o932_gfE6THcBHlqpo2oKC8hJj5dTwfhiCjk8nNoUFrHBQKVXfeGOLdKG6ZavRmAW1Lf/w400-h209/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.28.16%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="background-color: white; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="background-color: white; white-space: pre-wrap;">A side-note here: </span></span></span></div><div>Like most Kamal films, Mahanadhi too is quite decidedly 'male' in its engagement with the dilemma of individual identity. </div><div><br /></div><div>For instance, the modern equal woman versus the traditional rooted woman, who is in no way less strong but is conveniently unaware of modern notions of hyper-equality - is a theme that Kamal keeps revisiting. </div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzqDc98dVkIsluKvS-_PM6g9zPB5LTV112ahNRcdHYHQPkpXDMNXXQI0NcuvrdTnhcETczfbWxY-jEhcgjjq7cydVkele62tPLchHrOEPZJFXXrGuiOQ--sFqmKC7LI61bCknD0_QFoC8YxydtZ9bPZRzyaX9QJPs9fARKrxTkanDbRHBpYZdOnO3cMG4u/s354/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.30.16%20PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="164" data-original-width="354" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzqDc98dVkIsluKvS-_PM6g9zPB5LTV112ahNRcdHYHQPkpXDMNXXQI0NcuvrdTnhcETczfbWxY-jEhcgjjq7cydVkele62tPLchHrOEPZJFXXrGuiOQ--sFqmKC7LI61bCknD0_QFoC8YxydtZ9bPZRzyaX9QJPs9fARKrxTkanDbRHBpYZdOnO3cMG4u/w400-h185/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.30.16%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: trebuchet; white-space: pre-wrap;">The portrayal of how the man gets to know himself better as he gets to know the latter woman better - beyond his initial superficial impression, merits a separate essay.</span></span><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="background-color: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><p></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">End of side-note.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Unlike Thevar Magan’s Sakthi, Mahanadhi’s Krishnaswamy’s journey to the city is motivated not so much by a negative emotion of disgust for his village, but a positive seeking of prospects for his children. The film attempts to provide a simplistic moral first: that joy lies in the eye of the beholder (நம் இன்பம் என்பது கண்ணில் உள்ளது கனவில் இல்லையடி) - as if to fault legitimate yearning and earnestness itself. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDNuDRgOx8rNGmRcA88e63q-f67nOwVr9MKc7nzzqRZSwdhcAeehDyAAOW1ULWaAmAYH5w1ZX9grJNy-wnxk8tIF6orByEHrn1QOQHlIl3PilnHg440rFqT60hoCi0REV-AE0uqlFrbpuREAp4UBDjdeBPuMSnrhy3CVIYuy5BL902_2kWlwlcsi4TASD4/s594/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.34.12%20PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="395" data-original-width="594" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDNuDRgOx8rNGmRcA88e63q-f67nOwVr9MKc7nzzqRZSwdhcAeehDyAAOW1ULWaAmAYH5w1ZX9grJNy-wnxk8tIF6orByEHrn1QOQHlIl3PilnHg440rFqT60hoCi0REV-AE0uqlFrbpuREAp4UBDjdeBPuMSnrhy3CVIYuy5BL902_2kWlwlcsi4TASD4/w400-h266/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.34.12%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">But it is instructive to look at it from the words of the lawyer </span>who says <i><span style="color: #800180;">காவேரிக்கரைல, ராஜா மாதிரி, கையை சொடக்கினா நாங்க ஆயிரம் பேர் உங்க காரியங்களை பாத்துக்கறதுக்கு..... நீங்க எப்படி சார் இந்த மாதிரி ஆள் கிட்ட மாட்டினீங்க? </span></i></span></span><p></p><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">What he is pointing out here is not just that that particular individual he trusted was a fraud. But that, the move to the city ‘as an individual/equal citizen’, forsaking his prime position, was a trade-off, which was naive and unwarranted. It is quite instructive to see the story of Krishnaswamy’s ruin as a feudal lord overestimating his capacity for modernity and struggling irrevocably.</span><br /><br /><h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Respect</span></h3><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcMx8NgRuQU99-VMcUVgBuuCYceVDtYoGTCLxwjZ0CSb1QaZbhjAOVMGJXbcLiNdWV01LPgBEpbnIpJuFfdpkvzJd8WNLdie3c0CVoFau-iU-kGk3o0S5fP3wox4DMB2IanwyF3mo9tQtQSaB3io1LBiC9prhXyZx2mZPLEFOjEl8J9VWLizB8AroaBzfG/s801/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.36.29%20PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="410" data-original-width="801" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcMx8NgRuQU99-VMcUVgBuuCYceVDtYoGTCLxwjZ0CSb1QaZbhjAOVMGJXbcLiNdWV01LPgBEpbnIpJuFfdpkvzJd8WNLdie3c0CVoFau-iU-kGk3o0S5fP3wox4DMB2IanwyF3mo9tQtQSaB3io1LBiC9prhXyZx2mZPLEFOjEl8J9VWLizB8AroaBzfG/w400-h205/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.36.29%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When Krishnaswamy causes an accident and attempts to placate a justifiably angry Dhanush, the villagers bristle in anger on their overlord’s behalf. </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">He reprimands the 'serfs' to defend their village reputation (<i><span style="color: #800180;">நம்ம ஊரைப் பத்தி என்ன நினைப்பாரு</span>)</i> The city man is taken aback and asks if Krishnaswamy is a legislator - modernity’s marker of power. To which Saraswathi Ammal (S.N.Lakshmi) replies:<i> <span style="color: #800180;">மரியாதை அவங்க அப்பா சம்பாதிச்சது, இவர் காப்பாத்துட்டு வர்றார்.</span></i><span style="color: #800180;"> </span></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK3c6MxX_KJVn1Atp1Aetcsxgd1VQZPBSI2ac1hhyOaGoQ0co--Gz0OhLvR7BFqxZ7wcvBgXFJFdXpHI9mFudiTc-MDNtWGuEZtEeAMk7wel-SYNqV9XJe7L0NWImwTgWETqNC7CQ6HzVhBTlQBP_Hja-tGZm-r2iNd8EyCcy5wvNmbKvcOV1qpscGbFqR/s657/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.38.44%20PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="402" data-original-width="657" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK3c6MxX_KJVn1Atp1Aetcsxgd1VQZPBSI2ac1hhyOaGoQ0co--Gz0OhLvR7BFqxZ7wcvBgXFJFdXpHI9mFudiTc-MDNtWGuEZtEeAMk7wel-SYNqV9XJe7L0NWImwTgWETqNC7CQ6HzVhBTlQBP_Hja-tGZm-r2iNd8EyCcy5wvNmbKvcOV1qpscGbFqR/w400-h245/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.38.44%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div>It is easy to behave as if such a surfeit of respect rests uneasily on one’s shoulders, but it is not until it is lacking that one realises how much one was used to such respect in the first place.</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> have cast him into prison and there too he faces unspeakable ignominies and </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">insolence of office, </span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">he tells Saraswathi Ammal: <i><span style="color: #800180;">இந்த ஊர்ல யாருக்கும் மரியாதையே கிடையாதும்மா</span>.</i> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Quite a curious thing to say at that juncture. Only a feudal lord could feel prickly about the impingement of his dignity, when he is in a prison.</span><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCYNA3if1Jnkq52Fj_Jxbt1fdDnSEz0T5VV2oFgsSPGiDcwFuSNF4HGRAdmmeiItI1ftpmFE-oiqUJ-ksfZV0Ob7sN-CuR-iaAYu-o3yKgo0k3sMHnAYzurIddb0_UXCnwEmKm3Rb6AiM_j7-xr8Eg4P0vu7vwLNKMNo4pgwLlBEZuNT54FEzqCqxplBY9/s766/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.40.54%20PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="401" data-original-width="766" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCYNA3if1Jnkq52Fj_Jxbt1fdDnSEz0T5VV2oFgsSPGiDcwFuSNF4HGRAdmmeiItI1ftpmFE-oiqUJ-ksfZV0Ob7sN-CuR-iaAYu-o3yKgo0k3sMHnAYzurIddb0_UXCnwEmKm3Rb6AiM_j7-xr8Eg4P0vu7vwLNKMNo4pgwLlBEZuNT54FEzqCqxplBY9/w400-h210/Screenshot%202023-06-23%20at%208.40.54%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Most notable is the scene when the chit-fund goes broke, the moment that violence escalates is when the watchman addresses him in the familiar singular, instead of the respectful plural. Krishnaswamy seethes: <span style="color: #800180;"><i>வேலைக்கார நாயே, அவன் இவன்னு பேசற நீ!</i></span><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hit pause now.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Has there ever been such a dialogue spoken by a Tamil film hero? </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Or rather, has a person who speaks such a dialogue, ever been portrayed as a hero? And make no mistake, Krishnaswamy is a hero - much as the film would have you almost believe he is a mere ‘protagonist’ suffering in the hands of fate. Not at all. </span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">He is exceptional. He cannot bend. He bristles and gets his remission cut. Perhaps he may have been able to get out early and save his family if only he had swallowed his pride and wrestled down the indignant landlord in him. </span></p><br /><h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">So What?</span></h3><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It is that moment that fleshes out Krishnaswamy’s quandary best. But the film itself does not examine the nature of the problematic line. It encourages one to sympathise with him as a fallen man. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">But it is essential to recognise that it is the fall of the elite, getting a taste of equality. </span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It is misleading to suggest the village as a bucolic ideal to return to (as the family does in the end) is universal, if at all available. In the confrontational conversation with Dhanush, Krishnaswamy says he intends to return. One cannot help but feel that that escape is not going to be in any way better given how he is out of step everywhere. </span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">His village does not exist anymore. He will return with his tail tucked between his legs as a வாழ்ந்துகெட்ட பண்ணையார். The village is going to snigger behind his back - as he has lost the respect his father earned. And it is going to be certain hell for his children.</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">What seems to have gotten a pass in this melee, is some broad political brushstrokes, which are hardly innocuous: </span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /><br /></span></p><h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Two Brahmins</span></h3><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJFfN50G8BL5fnDzmZJmv5tAc0eRPB9ouuC8GP2PHZYMe6WRCALO4z2SGtPEuPK2W7d5OSLIzoADBbwKpKbBGneoL27i42PNNtJOGX1x2A3pLJJ5pUaEWyMOYJRktIvN4xGmrn_bSWBa3gz5BdocE_QbTChS0-RG4_s3L8oxQagsrMmzljz4X96Vhohgvu/s793/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%206.56.57%20PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="373" data-original-width="793" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJFfN50G8BL5fnDzmZJmv5tAc0eRPB9ouuC8GP2PHZYMe6WRCALO4z2SGtPEuPK2W7d5OSLIzoADBbwKpKbBGneoL27i42PNNtJOGX1x2A3pLJJ5pUaEWyMOYJRktIvN4xGmrn_bSWBa3gz5BdocE_QbTChS0-RG4_s3L8oxQagsrMmzljz4X96Vhohgvu/w400-h189/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%206.56.57%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The aspiration to migrate from his village is sowed by Krishna’s Brahmin friend Sundar, who has emigrated to London. </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">He makes a reference to how he was forced into tarring Hindi signposts by Krishna in their youth. 'His own meekness was justified and Krishna - son of a landlord (<span style="color: #800180;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(128, 1, 128);"><i>காலேஜ்ல இவன் வஸ்தாது, இவங்கப்பா பெரிய ஆள்</i></span></span>) - could dare to take a stance', is what he says. </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Referring to a seminal point in the history of the Tamil politics, Sundar casually reduces the fervour as the preserve of those who could afford to. </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">While Sundar being an NRI does service the film’s need of pointing Krishnaswamy to <br />what his children lack, even in this idyllic contended world, Sundar being a Brahmin attracts a further reading.The minimality of his political fervour and the ability to tap out of his roots is in sharp contrast with the feudal lord's.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Is he not pretty much the physical embodiment of the typical Brahmin whine that<i>, ‘merit’ has been chased abroad? </i></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVMP0Lw3ms51OfphOQis4LGJzv3qlbx2eSqFASARXNqcFD3KSIwX36GANZvUBu82M6-eWdZgnoj3yXdGsimdvDMZdsbgtV5hQgMjC1JH7netUZSLgsPV-euWfHeqwgHRj6ImwQHUCQSCpFlH-TVO8sNZn_NzgSsujUmQ2D2BddcLGDNwb5HfaCI9r_aCfr/s542/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%207.30.43%20PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="395" data-original-width="542" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVMP0Lw3ms51OfphOQis4LGJzv3qlbx2eSqFASARXNqcFD3KSIwX36GANZvUBu82M6-eWdZgnoj3yXdGsimdvDMZdsbgtV5hQgMjC1JH7netUZSLgsPV-euWfHeqwgHRj6ImwQHUCQSCpFlH-TVO8sNZn_NzgSsujUmQ2D2BddcLGDNwb5HfaCI9r_aCfr/w400-h291/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%207.30.43%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p>The other Brahmin on display is Panchapakesa Iyer (Poornam Viswanathan). He is a walking caricature of the subservient spineless brahmin, willing to suffer every ignominy as his fate: being obsequious to the warden who harasses him, falling at the feet of a brothel madam, addressing her as <span style="color: #800180;"><i>பரதேவதே</i></span> (which she indeed turns out to be). </span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDu9h-iGQGnu9rbxQJpEPm-tlCNJdTZWRqzhtTrUboKDgb5oOKfuQj6DJY0c08162YUbZKiVZDlBnHQeGy3q7VdTX0hnlpE8An-cOPLkKNOCZAlNZL_0xnxgLsZgrU7ixhiP3K16MJnWs1_d9bVA4s-1kPn0oxlBmi_bA9Ia9oN4UkV4nBW3OxG1HPSKfU/s703/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%207.36.49%20PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="415" data-original-width="703" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDu9h-iGQGnu9rbxQJpEPm-tlCNJdTZWRqzhtTrUboKDgb5oOKfuQj6DJY0c08162YUbZKiVZDlBnHQeGy3q7VdTX0hnlpE8An-cOPLkKNOCZAlNZL_0xnxgLsZgrU7ixhiP3K16MJnWs1_d9bVA4s-1kPn0oxlBmi_bA9Ia9oN4UkV4nBW3OxG1HPSKfU/w400-h236/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%207.36.49%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Iyer’s helplessness is strongly contrasted against the honest mute witness - constable Muthusamy (Rajesh). The latter attempts to rationalise his position, directing some blame for societal corruption to all citizenry in a let-he-who-hath-not-sinned-cast-the-first-stone speech (which is the central import of the film). Panchapakesan is not given to such analyses. He takes his undeserved misfortune hard. Here too, a character who haplessly suffers ill-luck and the ignominies of the system - serves the story well. But the choice to make the character a Brahmin invites curious reading.<br /></span><p></p><br /><h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Two ‘Dalits’</span><span style="color: #434343; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></h3><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The caste coordinates of the inmate-warden ThulukkāNam aren’t located precisely. However, for the purposes of this essay it would not be out of place to assume he is functions as the ‘Dalit’ Other to be contrasted against the triad of</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">the toothless rule-bound honest Muthusamy (<span style="color: #800180;"><i>அவன் கிட்ட ரொம்ப வச்சிக்காத, </i></span></span><span style="color: #800180;"><i>புரியுதா?</i></span>)</span></li><li><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the non-confrontational Brahmin Panchapakesan, </span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">who goes so far as to half-mockingly praise the cruelty of </span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">his oppressor: <span style="color: #800180;"><i>துலுக்காணமா கொக்கா? வதைக்கணும்னு தீர்மானிச்சுட்டன், விடுவனா?</i></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">the landlord who cannot brook injustice - Krishnaswamy</span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></li><ul><li><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #800180;"><i>பேர் என்ன மகாத்மா காந்தியா? </i></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #800180;"><i>இல்லை, கிருஷ்ணசாமி</i></span></span></span></li></ul></ul><p></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicUl6GotVgwXhvTQjufqF7ALLP0v2tfiSkiP0T3h8YNWUErjA6uUus6PGvhWLDZ60QccggBY9erCwpFIofM4g5AST6pK_gjhJrf70uq0zKSqntzFW--MvxujskEwMLozTNBP1u9anjucwpzmsgk_bVHE1JVgrVSA-D17hX5ec-bxCAQVU7fKAB8bsAYze5/s552/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%207.39.45%20PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="552" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicUl6GotVgwXhvTQjufqF7ALLP0v2tfiSkiP0T3h8YNWUErjA6uUus6PGvhWLDZ60QccggBY9erCwpFIofM4g5AST6pK_gjhJrf70uq0zKSqntzFW--MvxujskEwMLozTNBP1u9anjucwpzmsgk_bVHE1JVgrVSA-D17hX5ec-bxCAQVU7fKAB8bsAYze5/w400-h290/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%207.39.45%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p>TulukkāNam seems to stand for the venality of a world where all norms of propriety are off. The suggestion that the smidgen of power that goes to the underclass will express itself in violent corruption, is not entirely unproblematic.<br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><p></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQRh2lxga2RKXZ2ky7JWJ80Himz8oEqrjrnuFqYrGi5cKgCN4zL5KTfZk-NY1MTvJNpSi4nRS3vTk3zuJiQ0beNEHPVOQgF3PitTEnEZR-DTlZ-qtN4lJ2QSVcfNuzFzQpt9G282IwbEL77Sh_X_oe8bgbWmCtsEYJ6OlIQWKF5e9z2etzE926cpgiaj9W/s838/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%207.45.19%20PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="394" data-original-width="838" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQRh2lxga2RKXZ2ky7JWJ80Himz8oEqrjrnuFqYrGi5cKgCN4zL5KTfZk-NY1MTvJNpSi4nRS3vTk3zuJiQ0beNEHPVOQgF3PitTEnEZR-DTlZ-qtN4lJ2QSVcfNuzFzQpt9G282IwbEL77Sh_X_oe8bgbWmCtsEYJ6OlIQWKF5e9z2etzE926cpgiaj9W/w400-h188/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%207.45.19%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The other ‘Dalit’, is the street-performer Mannangatti who plays the classic trope of the loyal servant who raises the master’s scion in absentia. He does not at all disturb the feudal order and the master can once again be generous in his gesture of breaking bread with him.</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2P0HP2Ync1QH7W5NG-NnPuUFLcFbCxXX0D0i23IyNHtCPaRzx1VD8QetKS8AW6Z5zAMrdZvKM6Ub0AmeY2zCMSc6OVciXAsksckJY1__gpbf-0otorWmmE2mmuTFHU2I2769L_nlt1Ef1s-w5KuEaLhaSdY2wx97x52zkPitiE7EjKPalsfU05_mLbkZ5/s746/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%207.42.26%20PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="409" data-original-width="746" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2P0HP2Ync1QH7W5NG-NnPuUFLcFbCxXX0D0i23IyNHtCPaRzx1VD8QetKS8AW6Z5zAMrdZvKM6Ub0AmeY2zCMSc6OVciXAsksckJY1__gpbf-0otorWmmE2mmuTFHU2I2769L_nlt1Ef1s-w5KuEaLhaSdY2wx97x52zkPitiE7EjKPalsfU05_mLbkZ5/w400-h219/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%207.42.26%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div>When Panchapakesa Iyer, offers to compensate him in the token of modernity (i.e. money), it comes from a very genuine place of concern (<span style="color: #800180;"><i>இவ்வளவு கஷ்டத்துக்கு நடுவுல எங்க குழந்தையை வளர்த்திருக்கேளே</i>)</span> not only is MannāNkatti outraged but Krishnaswamy also knew, right when the offer was made, that it was highly inappropriate.<br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet; white-space: pre-wrap;">Krishnaswamy and Mannānkatti share the value system of a bygone world which seems utterly alien to Panchapakesa Iyer. </span></div><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Well, even his own nephew was ungrateful and broke the engagement with his daughter, refusing to believe his innocence. So his alienation from whatever little remained of the old manners in the modern environs, is also understandable.</span></span></div><div><span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span><h3 dir="ltr" style="font-family: trebuchet; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Roots</span></h3><p dir="ltr" style="font-family: trebuchet; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the opening frame we see the clear flowing waters (of Kaveri), fading to the stagnant grand-sewer that is Cooum. </span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cooum is emblematic of the city and is a metaphor for modern society itself, insofar as it characterises the criminal callousness of its inhabitants.</span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet;">It is strongly contrasted against the rootedness espoused in the song that runs through the film (</span><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;"><i>தை பொங்கலும் வந்தது</i></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet;">). Who is actually singing this song? </span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="font-family: trebuchet; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="font-family: trebuchet; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The last two instances are by Krishnaswamy himself </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet;">- </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnpQ59_mvcU" style="font-family: trebuchet;">as he resolves</a><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"> to deal with challenges (</span><i><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">தன்மானம் உள்ள நெஞ்சம்</span></i><span style="font-family: trebuchet;">)</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet;">- </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3r7-pBYjtQc" style="font-family: trebuchet;">as he realises</a><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"> the pollution is all too human (</span><i><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar;">அட இங்கே குளிக்கும் மனிதன் அழுக்கில் கங்கை கலங்குது</span></i><span style="font-family: trebuchet;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: trebuchet; text-align: center;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfD86oNqfByTl-P4uovNynmR0ZBfZLiLPeJ2QMbmv9h1KI8wGvzl2pVlIhKIAkdZeMuh38cbXDRbFS8e1n5pqbegOpS-E2xvSY9LGcayURbCEuWPAVZiC_1PrTFmyAgjps6pmsPOw16NSUW8-B4xaneC1ngdcTbPHXhOGulO9b6GqE53tFnRJhzeiblRcK/s692/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%207.48.02%20PM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="692" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfD86oNqfByTl-P4uovNynmR0ZBfZLiLPeJ2QMbmv9h1KI8wGvzl2pVlIhKIAkdZeMuh38cbXDRbFS8e1n5pqbegOpS-E2xvSY9LGcayURbCEuWPAVZiC_1PrTFmyAgjps6pmsPOw16NSUW8-B4xaneC1ngdcTbPHXhOGulO9b6GqE53tFnRJhzeiblRcK/w400-h239/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%207.48.02%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> But who exactly is ‘singing’ the prior instances of the song, are hard to place.</span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="color: #800180;"><i><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">செவ்வாழை செங்கரும்பு சாதிமல்லி தோட்டம் தான்</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">எல்லாமே இங்கிருக்க ஏதுமில்லை வாட்டம் தான்</span></i></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the first instance it seems deceptively to be the expression of a happy farm hand.<br /></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">But the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t69JNgHGy_I">second instance</a> (<i><span style="color: #800180;">அன்பான தாயை விட்டு</span></i>) seems to express the authorial voice of the film.</span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: trebuchet; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>ஒரு பந்தம் என்பதும் பாசம் என்பதும்</i></span></span></div><div><span><i style="color: #800180; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">வேரு விட்ட இடம்</span></i><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>இதை விட்டால் உன்னை வாழ வைப்பது</i></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>வேறு எந்த இடம்</i></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="font-family: trebuchet; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The song anticipates dread.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="font-family: trebuchet; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">This version was did not make it to the final cut. It seems to have been left out in favour</span> </p><span style="font-family: trebuchet;">of editing cut that fast forwards the narration.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The film is all praise of the ‘old way of things’ where all is well for the landlord. This is contrasted against the city and rootlessness is characterised as a space populated by swindlers, women of easy virtue, disrespectful servants, violently venal underclass and powered by immorality. A place where even the ‘good’ men have to either duck from evil or perform intellectual acrobatics to justify their impotence in the face of malevolance .</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It does not take much to see that this duality is rather along the fault-lines of the Gandhi vs. Ambedkar views on the village vs modernity.</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It can be reasonably asserted that the modicum of liberation and that the underclass has achieved in the modern republic have been through riding the steeds of industrialization, urbanisation and transcending their roots. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It would not be unreasonable to view this film </span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">while being a high watermark in Tamil cinema - as regressive in its reductive representation of the feudal-modern duality.</span></p><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">பஞ்சாயத்து தீர்ப்பு</span><span style="color: #434343; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /><br /></span></h3><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">So, if Kamal Hassan were to apologise for all potential readings of all his films, Mahanadhi would be a fine place to start, would it not?</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After all, there have indeed been attempts to lionise the line from the film that emphasise Krishnaswamy’s pre-eminence:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YBlRqcFSkOE" width="320" youtube-src-id="YBlRqcFSkOE"></iframe></span></div><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Yes such a caste-flex is thoroughly excised from the context of the film. This is not at all the thrust of Mahanadhi. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">But hey, that is the case with the anthemization of potri padadi too:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">The <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgtU_x__8gA">first instance</a> is a paen</span></li><li><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">the second instance (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CK82IXt2XEw">வானம் தொட்டு</a>) is a pathos-instant when Periya thévar passes away </span></li><li><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">and the final rendering (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgA0pjoUve4">வீச்சறுவா தாங்கி</a>) is when the film ends.</span></li></ol><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Yes this reading is - horror of horrors - sympathetic to the film’s vantage. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It is insensitive to demand such sympathies from those who have had to live through the violent consequences of the anthemization. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">And insofar as the text that enabled such a reading, Kamal is apparently culpable. His apology is submitted not as proof of his grace but as a vindication of his detractors (Ref. twitter)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #800180;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht9McMKRzMxjjHGwY5P_RJ2QMOcWxK424KtdBfXocuvlT-QocHNkx2qDyHUiQ_ZUetWS4QGmRy7z5jkty2tUWM2-vLJ_WVemi32Vs3Apn_FNOAW8437aciYuwsCztfiTuX9Id9vvoMxbusVfG-1PChnxd7Mo93Z_7xmR3Kuq0dIPOGW8Y-OqhEtDzQ14yF/s574/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%2010.30.58%20PM.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="394" data-original-width="574" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht9McMKRzMxjjHGwY5P_RJ2QMOcWxK424KtdBfXocuvlT-QocHNkx2qDyHUiQ_ZUetWS4QGmRy7z5jkty2tUWM2-vLJ_WVemi32Vs3Apn_FNOAW8437aciYuwsCztfiTuX9Id9vvoMxbusVfG-1PChnxd7Mo93Z_7xmR3Kuq0dIPOGW8Y-OqhEtDzQ14yF/w400-h275/Screenshot%202023-06-24%20at%2010.30.58%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> If so, then Mahanadhi's aesthetic that valorises the village hierarchy and 'savarna' mores (<i><span style="color: #800180;">காந்தியையும், </span></i></span><i style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #800180;">இராமனையும் காட்டி </span></i><i style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #800180;">இவங்களை மாதிரி இரு,</span></i><i style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="color: #800180;"> இவங்களை மாதிரி இருன்னு என்னை எதுக்கு இப்படி வளர்த்தாங்க?</span></i><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">) and viciously inveigles a vilification of the city/modernity, which - with all its warts - holds a promise of emancipation - is even more venomous.</span></p><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Just because it did not translate to physical violence on the ground as Thevar Magan did, does not mean Mahanadhi did not commit horrific ideological violence.</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To ask ideological violence to be excused is the classic mode just because it could not be tied overt physical violence is the classical deceptive Gandhian evil and Brahmanical hegemony at play, is it not? </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: trebuchet;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One hopes KamalHassan will not make us wait too long for this apology too.</span><p></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">*** </span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now, my dear reader, do you ask me if I am being ridiculous or being serious?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The point is, it does not matter, does it?</span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">****</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>P.S</b>: Much as I am bashful about exuding an academic தோரணை in all this, I have one acknowledgement to make: the importance to the film’s narrative, of Krishnaswamy being a fallen feudal lord (and NOT a commoner) and film ending with his 'fantastic' return to his fief - owes a lot to conversations over the years with the ever perspicacious <a href="https://twitter.com/equanimus">@equanimus</a> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Without grasping that, the film would be received (as it tragically widely is) as merely the tragic fall of a good man.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p></span></div></div></div>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-20184307231144987532023-06-04T16:46:00.001+05:302023-06-04T16:52:11.872+05:30வீடணன் புலம்பல்<p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA"></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA">தாதைதோ தாதி தாதை தூதீதோ</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA">தாதைத்தூ தாதை தூதீ தீதீதோ</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA">தூதத்தை தாதீ தீதோ தீதோதா</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA">தாதை தித்தித்த தோதாதீ தீதே</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p>வகை: கலிவிருத்தம்</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p>ஏக அக்ஷரம்: தகவருக்கப்பாடல்</o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><b><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><b><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">சந்தி பிரித்து</span></b><b><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><b><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">தாதை தோது ஆதி தாதை தூ தீதோ?<br />தாதைத் தூ தாதை தூது ஈ தீ தீதோ?<br />தூ தத்தை தா தீ தீதோ? “தீது ஓதா<br />தாதை தித்தித்த தோதா தீ தீதே</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><b>விளக்கம்</b></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">தாதை</span>க்கு <span style="color: #2b00fe;">தோதா</span>ன <span style="color: #2b00fe;">ஆதி தாதை</span>யின் <span style="color: #2b00fe;">தூ தீ</span>ய<span style="color: #2b00fe;">தோ</span>?<br />தன் தந்தையாகிய தயரதனுக்கு இசைவாக நடந்துகொண்ட</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">இந்த உலகுக்கே தந்தையான இராமனின் பகை (தூ), தீமையானதா?<br /><br /><a href="about:invalid#zSoyz"></a></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">தாதைத் தூ</span>வும் <span style="color: #2b00fe;">தாதை</span>யைக் கொண்ட <span style="color: #2b00fe;">தூது</span>வன் ஈந்த <span style="color: #2b00fe;">தீ தீ</span>ய<span style="color: #2b00fe;">தோ</span>?<br />பூந்தாதுக்களை பரவச்செய்து உயிர்களை நீட்சிபெறச்செய்யும் வாயுவின் மைந்தனான அனுமன்</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">நமக்கு அளித்த ஆசோகவனத்தீ தீமையானதா?<br /><br /></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">தூ</span>ய்மையானவளும்</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">தத்தை</span> (கிளி) போன்றவளுமான சீதை, உட்புகத் <span style="color: #2b00fe;">தா</span>விய <span style="color: #2b00fe;">தீ தீ</span>ய<span style="color: #2b00fe;">தோ</span>?<br /><br /></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">(இவை யாவை கொடுந்தீ அல்ல</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">மாறாக)<span> </span><span style="color: #2b00fe;">தீது</span> எதையும் <span style="color: #2b00fe;">ஓதாத</span>* <span style="color: #2b00fe;">தாதை</span>க்கு (என் தந்தையாக விளங்க்கிய இராவணனுக்கு)<span style="color: #2b00fe;"> தித்தித்த</span> (இனிதெனக் கொண்ட) <span style="color: #2b00fe;">தோதா</span> (பொருந்தாத காமத்) <span style="color: #2b00fe;">தீ தீதே</span></span></p> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="1" height="200px" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" name="myiFrame" scrolling="no" src="https://record.reverb.chat/embed/J2u5zeu0hsr7VdonyF8i" style="border: 0px #ffffff none;" width="100%"></iframe> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">* தீது ஓதா - நாரத முனிவர்க்கு ஏற்ப நயம்பட உரைத்த உடையவனாகத் திகழ்ந்தவன் இராவணன்<br /><br /></span><b><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><br /><br /></span></b><b><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-66575281444808993912023-05-26T13:47:00.002+05:302023-05-26T13:57:11.126+05:30கற்பில் இரவுக்குறி இடையீடு<p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><u><b>பீடிகை</b></u></span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> :</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">தம்மில் இருந்து தமதுபாத்து உண்டற்றால் </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">அம்மா அரிவை முயக்கு</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">எனக்கு மிகப்பிடித்த <a href="http://kuralthiran.com/KuralThiran/KuralThiran1107.aspx">குறள்களில்</a> ஒன்று</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">நமது மெய்யியல் புலத்தில் வழங்கிவரும் த்ரிவர்க்க பகுப்புகளான: தர்மம்-அர்த்தம்-காமம் (முறையே அறம், பொருள், இன்பம்) ஆகியவை ஒன்றுதிரண்டு வரும் குறள் இது.</span></p><p>இப்போது இக்குறளைக் குடலாபரேஷன் செய்வோம்:</p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">பருண்மையான பொருட்களை உவமையாக்கி கருத்துகளைப் புலப்படுத்தும் உத்தியை நாம் கவிதைகளில் காணலாம் (அகழ்வாரைத் தாங்கும் நிலம் - பொறுமை, தொட்டனைத்து ஊறும் மணற்கேணி - அறிவு).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">ஆனால் இங்கு தலைவன் இங்கு விவரிப்பது தலைவியை அணைப்பதை. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">அழகிய மாமை நிறத்தாளை, அரிவை பருவத்தாளை அணைத்தல் (பருண்மை) எத்தகையது?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">ஒருவன் தனக்கு சொந்தமான இல்லத்தில், தனக்கு உரிய உணவை உண்ணும் இன்பத்தைப் போன்றதாம். </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">பொருட்செல்வத்தை, அறத்தின் வழி நின்று நுகர்வதைப் போல இவளை அணைத்தல், என்ற வருணனையின் நுட்பத்தை என்னவென்பது. Propriety, moderation என்ற வழக்கொழி நிலையெய்திய கல்யாண குணங்களைத் தன்னுள் குறுகத் தரித்த குறள்.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">சரி இதுக்கென்னப்பா இப்போ?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><a href="https://twitter.com/dagalti/status/1661908717997260802">சொந்த ஸாஹித்யத்து</a>க்குப் பீடிகை ஸ்வாமி</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">தம்மில் இருந்து தமதுபாத்து உண்டற்றால்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">நம்மில் எவர்க்கும் எளிதன்று - பெம்மான்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">பயக்க அறுவரே பேணினர் மற்று</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">மயக்குறு மக்கட்கே நாம்</span></p><p></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>(நேரிசை வெண்பா)</p><p><br /></p><p><b>நேர்ப்பொருள்</b></p><p><br /></p><p>தம் இல்லத்தில் இருந்துகொண்டு தமக்கே உரித்தானதை உண்பது</p><p>நம்மில் எவர்க்குள் எளிது அன்று </p><p>(சிவபெருமான்) முருகனைப் படைத்தானே ஒழிய</p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">அவனை வளர்த்தவர்கள் கார்த்திகைப் பெண்டிரான அறுவர் அன்றோ?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">மாறாக </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">மயங்கவைக்குமளவு இன்பத்தை தரும் குழந்தைகளுக்கு </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">(பெற்றோராகிய) நாம் தானே இருக்கிறோம் (பேணுவதற்கு)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><b>துணைப்பொருள்</b></span></p><p><br /></p><p>தம் இல்லத்தில் இருந்துகொண்டு தமக்கே உரித்தானதை உண்பது</p><p>நம்மில் எவர்க்குள் எளிது அன்று </p><p>இறைவன் உலக உயிர்களைப் படைத்தானே ஒழிய</p><p>அவற்றின் இயக்கம் அவற்றின் ஆறறிவினால் ஆனது</p><p>(அதில் அவனது நேரடி இடையீடு இல்லை)</p><p>மாறாக நாம் படைத்ததாக நாம் மயங்கும் (மிகையாக எண்ணும்)</p><p>நம் குழந்தைகளுக்காகவே நாம் இருக்கிறோம் (என்று எண்ணி இடையீடு செய்து கொண்டே இருக்கிறோம்)</p><p><br /></p><p>------</p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">இவ்வகையாக 'தம் இல் இருந்து', நாம் எங்கே ஐயா 'தமது பாத்து' உண்பது?</span></p><p><br /></p><p>Also Ref.</p><p>..கே நாம்: <a href="http://vaiyan.blogspot.com/2016/01/nalvali_1.html">நல்வழி 19</a> </p><p>மயக்குறு மக்கள்: <a href="http://puram400.blogspot.com/2010/12/188.html">புறம் 188</a></p>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-62014428263288245782023-05-20T22:31:00.002+05:302023-05-20T22:40:07.337+05:30The Legend of Butler Kandappar<p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><b>Foreword</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">I had intended to post this on Vaikāsi Anusham. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">But today is Ayōthidāsar’s birthday and I saw <a href="https://twitter.com/annamalai_k/status/1659794153373593601">a tweet by the TN BJP</a> chief claiming <span style="color: #2b00fe;">"திருக்குறளை இன்றைய அச்சு வடிவத்திற்குக் கொண்டு வருவதற்கு அரும்பணியாற்றியவர்". </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">This, in in of itself is a curious claim. Ayōthidāsar did write a commentary to it from his point of view. But that hardly qualifies as the definitive form we see today ( "</span><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;">இன்றைய அச்சு வடிவம்")</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">I infer what Annamalai is referring to is </span><span style="font-family: Karla;">Ayōthidāsar’s claim to be the descendant of the heroic Butler Kandappan whose intervention ensured we have the text today.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><b>Story</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">The story of ‘Butler Kandappan saving the TirukkuRaL manuscripts seems to have come from Ayōthidāsar himself, like many others!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"> I have not read Ayōthidāsar’s own’s words on the claim but many, including reliable scholars like Stalin Rajangam and Prof.Dharmaraj have made the claims that</span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Karla;">Butler Kandappar was the one who gave the kuRaL manuscript to F.W.Ellis (via Lord Arlington (?))</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Karla;">And that Butler Kandappar was Ayōthidāsar’s grandfather.</span></li></ul><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="பெருந்தொற்றுக் காலத்தில் அயோத்திதாசர் | ayothidasar - hindutamil.in" class="n3VNCb KAlRDb" data-noaft="1" jsaction="load:XAeZkd;" jsname="HiaYvf" src="https://static.hindutamil.in/hindu/uploads/news/2021/05/20/large/672898.jpg" style="height: 340px; margin: 0px auto; width: 353.44186px;" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">அயோத்திதாச பண்டிதர்</td></tr></tbody></table><p><b><span style="font-family: Karla;"> Dramatism </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">Of course in many Dravidian retellings of the tale, it assumed all sorts of dramatic panache. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">Not sure how much of that owes to the original author himself. Her are some examples:</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Karla;">See this <a href="https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/chennai/history-of-thirukkural-manuscripts-367528.html">article from 2019</a> that claimed that Kandappar saved a scroll from being burnt with firewood in the kitchen, and Kandappar fortuitously spots it, prevents the calamity: </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Karla;"><a href="https://twitter.com/Berlin_Andrez/status/1563496073217581057?s=20&amp;t=Cc2-zjHQoPuWE4gLFbaA9Q">See this tweet</a> that claims that if not Kandappar we would not have had kuRaL survive at all! : </span></li></ol><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Karla;"> Moderate claims </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">Both Profs. <a href="https://twitter.com/tdharmaraj67">T.Dharmaraj</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/stalinrajangam">Stalin Rajangam</a>, more familiar with the primary source, only state that Ayōthidāsar comes from a family of scholars and that his grandfather Kandappar, gave the manuscripts of Kural and Nāladiyār to Arlington, who gave it to F.W.Ellis. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">See:</span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Karla;">Prof. Stalin Rajangam's <a href="https://tamil.indianexpress.com/opinion/making-jokes-out-of-butlers-in-tamil-cinemas-a-short-draft-on-superiority-of-caste/">article</a> </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Karla;">Prof. Dharmaraj's <a href="https://www.hindutamil.in/news/opinion/columns/535797-dharmaraj-interview.html">interview</a> </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Karla;">Here is <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=VoyXxXPy0aE">a youtube video</a> (of a series about Anantarangam Pillai's diaries) where the speaker challenges the typically grossly incorrect and dramatic Senthalai Gowthaman's claim.</span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">However, all these authors/speakers seem to largely take at face-value the claims made by </span><span style="font-family: Karla;">Ayōthidāsar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">I am not sure if these claims are corroborated, by any accounts given by Ellis or Arlington . That would imbue the claim with more rigour.</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Karla;"> Alt. History</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"> Nevertheless Kandappar has made it to Ayōthidāsar’s <a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/அயோத்தி_தாசர் ">wiki page</a> with a strong claim that, TirukkuraL manuscript itself had been lost for MANY centuries : <i><span style="color: #2b00fe;">"பிரதிகள் அழிந்து நூற்றாண்டுகளாக வழக்கில் இல்லாமல் போயிருந்த திருக்குறளைத் தன் குடும்ப சேமிப்பு ஏடுகளில் இருந்து மீட்டு "</span> </i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">Never mind that Veeramāmunivar had translated it into Latin less a few decades before Ellis. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">And that accounts of the 19th century we see from, say, UVeSa’s என் சரித்திரம் don’t show any absence of kuRaL. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">Unlike the Sangam corpus, TirukkuRaL was probably never lost to be rediscovered. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">So the prickly assertion that we pretty much owe the existence of KuRaL itself to the heroic intervention, seems bluster. </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Karla;">Ayōthidāsar’s words</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">While searching for the actual text of Ayōthidāsar claim I saw this excerpt from Prof.Marudanayagam’s book: <a href="https://ta.wikisource.org/wiki/ஒரு_பூர்வ_பௌத்தனின்_சாட்சியம்">ஒரு பூர்வ பௌத்தரின் சாட்சியம் </a></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfGBrE5PnmsN8-oU0nQXn2N0oa2Ur7eWCGSyZMz1sChfeh1xhtnGpYO_SuyuzNgHNRAtnnzxCJOOlrmfxxcCa9wA3SfVFL4ytgTNfqa4bhfDFkkZuO3Ed6NxjyOtJyIs9EvTE53wHDGjaLFEl2VVQKEXb6Z68whPuIcRXCId07CGxnqsVFoq7XaGSu0w/s1381/th01PROFMARUDHANAYAGAMJPG.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1381" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfGBrE5PnmsN8-oU0nQXn2N0oa2Ur7eWCGSyZMz1sChfeh1xhtnGpYO_SuyuzNgHNRAtnnzxCJOOlrmfxxcCa9wA3SfVFL4ytgTNfqa4bhfDFkkZuO3Ed6NxjyOtJyIs9EvTE53wHDGjaLFEl2VVQKEXb6Z68whPuIcRXCId07CGxnqsVFoq7XaGSu0w/s320/th01PROFMARUDHANAYAGAMJPG.jpeg" width="278" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">பேராசிரியர் மருதநாயகம்</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">“இவற்றுள் இத்திரிக்குறள் மூலத்தையும் நாலடி நானுறையும் ஜார்ஜ் ஆரங்டியன்துரை பட்ளர் கந்தப்பன் என்பவரால் கொண்டுபோய், தமிழ்ச் சங்கத்து அதிபதி மேம்பட்ட எலீஸ் துரையவர்களிடம் ஏட்டுப்பிரதியாகக் கொடுத்து அச்சிட்டு வெளிவந்த போது ஓலைப்பிரதிக்கு மாறுதலாக சாற்றுக் கவிகளில் சில அதிகரித்தும் அறத்துப்பாலில் உள்ள சில செய்யுட்களைப் பொருட்பாலில் சேர்த்தும், இச் செய்யுளில் <b>ஆரியார்</b> என்று வந்த மொழியைப் <b>பூரியாரென்றும்</b> மற்றும் செய்யுட்களை மாற்றியுள்ளதைக் கந்தப்பனவர்கள் சங்கத்திற்கு எழுதிக்கேட்டபோது மறுமொழி கிடைக்காமல் போய் விட்டது என்பது விவேகிகளறிந்த விடயங்களாம். </span><span style="color: #2b00fe;">” </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">These are Ayōthidāsar’s words being quoted.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">It strikes me a little curious that he refers to his grandfather so. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">I am not sufficiently familiar with Ayōthidāsar’s style to know if he is employing some kind of narrative flourish : i.e. initially presenting Kandappar as some distant person only to end with, ‘<i>oh by the way, this happens to be my grandfather</i>’. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"> But taken standalone, it looks odd how he is referring to someone distant (கந்தப்பன் என்பவரால்!) </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Karla;"><br /></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Karla;">திரிக்குறள்-ஆரியார்</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">Ayōthidāsar’s used the terms திரிக்குறள் ( and திரிவாசகம் etc.) to buttress his alternate interpretations of the texts as ‘Tamil-Bouddha’ texts . </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">And in the quoted segment above the kuRaL he is referring to is <a href="http://kuralthiran.com/KuralThiran/KuralThiran0241.aspx">kuRaL 241</a>, the very first குறள் in <span style="color: red;">அருள் உடைமை </span>அதிகாரம் which is the very first அதிகாரம் in <span style="color: #cc0000;">துறவற இயல்</span>. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">That is important insofar as it sets the tone for how remainder for the அதிகாரம் will be read.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"> It goes:</span></p><p><i><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;">அருட்செல்வம் செல்வத்துள் செல்வம் பொருட்செல்வம் </span></i></p><p><i><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Karla;">பூரியார் கண்ணும் உள </span></i></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">where பூரியார் means கீழ்மக்கள் </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"> As quoted above, Ayōthidāsar claims that the word ஆரியார் in the original manuscript given by Kandappar was changed to பூரியார் by ‘mischievous interlocutors’ and Kandappar remonstrates in writing, to no avail.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"> Once again, I wonder if there is paper-trail that scholars have investigated, to buttress this <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i>கந்தப்பனவர்கள் சங்கத்திற்கு எழுதிக்கேட்டபோது</i></span> claim.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">Be that as it may, the claim is flimsy</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Karla;">Is there anywhere else in the kuRaL the word ஆரியர் mentioned? Let alone as a negative! No.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Karla;">Not just in Ellis’s manuscript, but all others too before and after likely mention பூரியார். kuRaL text did not have a 'single point of failure' manuscript. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Karla;">And I see, rare as the word is, பூரியர் implying common/low folks finds mention in <a href="https://ta.wikisource.org/wiki/பக்கம்:பரிபாடல்-அகமும்_புறமும்-மூலமும்_உரையும்.pdf/68">பரிபாடல் too</a>.</span></li></ol><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">The ChūLāmaNi (nigaNdu) stanza he states to buttress the claim (quoted by Prof.Marudanāyagam in the book in the link above, ) is hardly persuasive.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><b>Inconclusion</b>: </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">So here are my uncharitable musings:</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Karla;">Was the legend of Kandappan a concoction by Ayōthidāsar to set a narrative of ‘pristine’ text that was twisted by the powerful interlocutors? ; a creation to service his claim that ‘ஆரியர் were the கீழோர்’. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Karla;">Did Ayōthidāsar initially only claim ’once there was Butler….’ and later claim to be descendant also? Or is it a legend that has grown in retelling? </span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: Karla;"><br /></span></div><p><span style="font-family: Karla;"><b>Caveat</b>: I have read precious little of Ayōthidāsar directly. I have only read him as quoted by others (as quoted above)</span></p><p><br /></p><p><b style="font-family: Karla;">P.S: </b><span style="font-family: Karla;">This attempt to appropriate </span><span style="font-family: Karla;">Ayōthidāsar is comical, to say the least. </span><span style="font-family: Karla;">Dravidam has been - IMO, rather unfairly - accused of erasing the pioneering contributions of </span><span style="font-family: Karla;">Ayōthidāsar. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">So, Dravidam themselves <a href="https://www.dailythanthi.com/News/State/2021/09/03111801/Manimandapam-for-Ayodhya-Pandit--Announcement-by-First.vpf">are making amends</a> and </span><span style="font-family: Karla;">others don't want to be left behind.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Karla;">We shall hear more and more of the redoubtable Ayōthidāsar, in the years to come.</span></p>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-50424171880849334832023-04-19T00:30:00.003+05:302023-04-20T09:43:50.307+05:3040<h2 style="text-align: center;">நாற்பதில் கனிவு</h2><p>மறுநாள் விடுப்பு எடுத்துக்கொள்ள மேலதிகாரியின் அனுமதியைப் பெற்றுக்கொண்டார் ராமாராவ்.</p><p>“<i>ஹேப்பி ரிடர்ன்ஸ்! உங்களுக்கு நாற்பது ஆகிவிட்டது என்று நான் நினைக்கவில்லை</i>”</p><p>பேருந்துநிறுத்தத்தை நோக்கி சாலையில் நடந்த ராமாராவ், சற்று நின்றார்; முடிதிருத்தகம் ஒன்றின் வாசலை அடைத்து வைக்கப்பட்டிருந்த ஆளுயர கண்ணாடியில் தன்னை பார்த்துக்கொண்டு, “<i>பார்த்தால் நாற்பது போல் இல்லைதான்</i>” என்று தனக்குத் தானே சொல்லிக்கொண்டு நடந்தார்.</p><p>வீட்டை விட்டுக் கிளம்பும்போது, மறுநாள் பிறந்தநாள் என்று அவருக்கு நினைவில்லை. ஒரு அலுவல் குறிப்பை எழுதும்பொழுது தான் மறுநாள் ஏப்ரல் 14ம் தேதி என்பதை உணர்ந்தார். </p><p>பொதுவாக பிறந்தநாட்களுக்கு வீட்டில் பெரிதாக அலட்டிக்கொள்வதில்லை. ஆனால் இது ஒரு சிறப்பான நிகழ்வு. நாற்பதைக் கடப்பது முக்கியமான மைல்கல், விடுப்பெடுத்து கொண்டாடத் தகுதியானது தான்.</p><p>பாரிமுனையில் தள்ளுமுள்ளைச் சமாளித்து பேருந்தில் ஏறி, கைப்பிடியைப் பற்றித் தொங்கிக்கொண்டார். “<i>நல்லவேளை, ஒருகாலத்தில் குரங்குகளாய் இருந்தோம்</i>” என்று எண்ணிக்கொண்டார். “<i>இல்லையெனில் அசல் குரங்குச்செயல்களான இடிப்பதும், தொங்குவதும் எப்படி சாத்தியப்படுகின்றன? என்ன ஒன்று, குரங்குகள் கூட்டங்களாக எளிதில் செயல்படுகின்றன</i>” </p><p>நடத்துனர் இவரை வெளியே தள்ள முயன்றார், யாரோ ஒருவர் இவரை குறுக்குவாட்டில் அழுத்திவிட்டு முறைத்தார், இன்னொருவர் இவர் கால்விரல்களில் மீது நிற்க தொடர்ந்து முயன்றுகொண்டிருந்தார், ஓட்டுனரோ பேருந்தை தடாலடியாக நிறுத்தியும், கிளப்பியும் பிரயாணிகளின் எலும்புகள் அதிரவைத்தார். பேருந்து செண்ட்ரலில் நின்றதும் ராமாராவ் நெளிந்து, முண்டியடித்துக்கொண்டு இறங்கி, மூர்மார்க்கெட்டை நோக்கி நடந்தார்.</p><p>வீட்டில் யாருக்கும் அவர் பிறந்தநாளைப் பற்றித் தெரியாது. வீட்டார் அனைவருக்கும் பரிசுப்பொருட்கள், பட்டு ஜவுளி, வண்ண ரிப்பன்கள், விளையாட்டுப்பொருட்கள், இனிப்பு பலகாரம் – என்று ஒவ்வொருவருக்கும் வாங்கித் தந்து ஆச்சரியப்படுத்தலாம். பிறந்தநாளுக்கு பரிசுகளைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்வதற்கு பதில் பரிசுதருவது புதுமையாக இருக்கும். காய்கறி, மளிகைகளும் வாங்கிக்கொள்ளவேண்டும் – ஒரு சிறு விருந்துக்கு. விருந்து கொண்டாட்டம் அடக்கமாக, குடும்பத்துடன் வைத்துக்கொள்ளலாம். பிள்ளைகள் பள்ளிக்குச் செல்ல விரும்பாவிட்டால், நாளை கட்டாயபடுத்த வேண்டாம் – என்றெல்லாம் உத்தேசித்தார்.</p><p>“<i>காய்கறிகளை கடைசியில் வாங்கிக் கொள்ளலாம்</i>” என்று எண்ணியபடி மூர்மார்கெட்டை ஒரு சுற்று சுற்றி வந்தார்.. ஒரு ஜவுளிக்கடைக்குள் சென்று, பட்டுத்துணிகளை காட்டுமாறு அதிகாரமாக் கேட்டு, அவற்றிலிருந்து மூன்று-நான்கு துணிகளைத் தேர்வு செய்துகொண்டார். பில் தயாராகி வந்து. பொருட்களை சரிபார்த்துக்கொண்டே மணிபர்சைத் தேடி பாக்கெட்டில் கை துழாவினார். அது அதன் இடத்தில் இல்லை.</p><p>புதுத்துணிகள் நிறைந்த பையை திருப்பிக் கொடுத்தார். மூர்மார்க்கெட்டை விட்டு வெளியேறினார், மனம் நிலைகொள்ளவில்லை. இலக்கின்றி நடந்து ஒரு பார்க் பெஞ்சைத் தேடி அடைந்து அமர்ந்து, ‘<i>எப்போது மணிப்பர்ஸை கடைசியாக வெளியில் எடுத்தோம்?</i>’ என்று யோசித்தார். பேருந்தில் எவனோ ஒரு பிக்பாட்டை உரசியிருக்கவேண்டும் என்று தனக்குத்தானே சொல்லிக்கொண்டார். மனம் சோர்வடைந்து.</p><p>சுற்றும் முற்றும் பார்கத்தார்: இன்னொரு பெஞ்சில் ஒரு பிச்சைக்காரன் படுத்து உறங்கிக்கொண்டிருந்தான், சில குழந்தைகள் பூங்காவில் வளர்ந்துவரும் பூக்கொத்துகளை மகிழ்ச்சியாக நாசம் செய்து கொண்டிருந்தனர். “<i>எவனோ ஒரு பிக்பாக்கெட் என் நாற்பதாவது பிறந்தநாளைப் பறித்துக் கொண்டுவிட்டான்</i>” என்று, தான் தீட்டிய திட்டங்களை குலைக்கும் தாறுமாறான விதியை எண்ணி கோவமுற்றார்.</p><p>நாற்பது தான் மனிதனின் சிறந்த வயது என்பார்கள். எல்லாரும், உடலாலும் மனத்தாலும் முதிர்ச்சி அடையும் வயது. மனிதனின் பழக்கங்களும், விருப்புவெறுப்புகளும் கெட்டிப்பட்டு என்றைக்குமாக இறுகும் வயது. அதிர்ச்சிகளுக்கும், ஆச்சரியங்களுக்கும் இடமின்றி அவனது அனைத்து மனித உறவுகளும் திருத்தமாக வரையறுக்கப்பட்டுவிடுகின்றன.</p><p>நாற்பதில் கைகூடும் இக்கனிவுகளை எண்ணிய ராமாராவுக்கு சந்தேகங்களே மேலோங்கின. “<i>இந்த நாற்பதில், என்ன சாதித்துவிட்டேன்? சராசரி இந்தியனுக்கு புள்ளியியல் நிபுணர்களால் விதிக்கப்பட ஆயுட்காலத்தை விட பதினாறு ஆண்டுகள் அதிகம் வாழ்ந்தாகிவிட்து. என் முன்னோர்கள் வாழ்நாளில் முக்கால்வாசியை வாழ்ந்தாகிவிட்து. என்ன சாதித்தேன்?"</i></p><p>கொஞ்சம் முனைந்து பதில்சொல்லிக்கொண்டார்: “<i>நான்கு குழந்தைகள். பெரியவன் கல்லூரியில் வாசிக்கிறான். மனைவி இதுவரை கேட்ட எல்லா நகைகளையும் பெற்றிருக்கிறாள். அலுவலகத்தில் என் பிரிவில் தலைமைப்பொறுப்புக்கு உயர்ந்திருக்கிறேன். ….என்ன இன்னும் வாடகை வீடு தான். இன்னும் ஐந்து வருஷத்தில் பெண்ணின் கல்யாணத்தையும், பையனின் வேலையையும் சமாளிக்கவேண்டியிருக்கும். என்னால் முடியுமா?”</i> முதிர்ச்சி அடைந்துவிட்டவன் என்று தான் கருதப்பட்டு, தன்னிடம் சில கடமைகள் எதிர்பார்க்கப்படுவதை எண்ணி சற்றே பதட்டமடைந்தார். </p><p>அவருக்கு இன்றும் நினைவில் இருக்கும் தனது இளம்பிராயத்து பிறந்தநாள், அவர் தந்தை அவருக்கு மினுமினுக்கும் ஜரிகைக்குல்லா ஒன்றைப் பரிசளித்த பிறந்தநாள் தான்; அது அவரது இருபதாவது பிறந்தநாள்., பிஏ முடித்தவுடன் வந்து. “இ<i>தைச் செய்யமாட்டேன், அதைச்செய்ய மாட்டேன்</i>” என்று சூளுரைத்த காலம். “இன்னின்னதைச் செய்யமாட்டேன் என்று நீண்ட அந்த பட்டியலில் இன்று அவருக்கு நினைவு இருப்பது இரண்டே விஷயங்கள்: “எ<i>ன்றைக்கும் கல்யாணம் செய்துகொள்ள மாட்டேன்”, “முந்நூறு ரூபாய்ச் சம்பளமும், கண்ணாடி கதவுக்கு அப்பால் ஒரு சுழல்நாற்காலியும் தராத ஒரு வேலையை ஏற்கமாட்டேன்</i>”.</p><p>அதன்பிறகு நினைவிருந்தது முப்பதாவது பிறந்தநாள்: மூன்று பிள்ளைகளுக்கு அப்பனாகிவிட்ட பீதி பற்றியது அன்று. எப்படியும் நாற்பதுக்குள் எல்லாம் ஒருமாதிரி தெளிவாகி சமன்நிலை அடைந்துவிடும் என்று நம்பினார்.</p><p>இதோ வந்தாகிவிட்டது. ஐம்பதிலோ, அறுவதிலோ எப்படி இருக்கப்போகிறது? எல்லாம் அப்படியேதான் இருக்கும்.</p><p>தன்னைப்பற்றி கவலைப்படுவதற்குப் பதிலாக, பிள்ளைகளைப் பற்றியும், பேரன்பேத்திகளைப் பத்தியும் கவலைப்படுவோம். எதுவும் மாறுவதில்லை. ஜரிகைக்குல்லாவுக்கு சந்தோஷப்பட்ட ராமாராவுக்கும், அலுவலகத்தில் சம்பள-உயர்வு தகவல் கேட்டதும் மகிழ்வான குறுகுறுப்பு எய்தும் ராமாராவுக்கும் எந்த வித்தியாசமும் இல்லை. அடிக்கப்போகும் டியூஷன் வாத்தியாரின் இறுக்கமானப் பிடி தந்த அச்சமும், இன்று மேலதிகாரி கோவமாக அழைக்கும்போதும் ஏற்படும் உணர்வும் ஒன்றுதானே. ஆழமாக தனக்குள் அவர் உணரும் பதட்டமும், துணிவின்மையும் அதே தான். தன் மனைவி மக்களுக்கு என்ன ஆதரவு அளித்திட முடியும் ?</p><p>அவர் வளர்ச்சியோ, மாற்றமோ அடையவில்லை என்று அவருக்கு திடீரென்று தோன்றியது. அவர் சுருள்முடி நரைத்ததாலும், உடுத்தும் துணி நீண்டதாலும் அப்படி ஒரு தோற்றமாயை உண்டாகியிருக்கிறது. இதை உணர்ந்ததும் ஓரளவுக்கு அவர் மனம் ஆசுவாசம் அடைந்தது, இத்தனை ஆண்டுகள் கொண்டிருந்த கருத்துகள் அழிந்தன. </p><p>ஒரே நொடியில் பிறந்தநாள் முக்கியத்துவமும், நிலைத்தன்மையும் அற்றுப் போனது - விரல்கள் காற்றில் கிழிக்கும் கோடுகள் போல. வீட்டில் யாரிடமும் தன் பிறந்தநாளைப் பற்றிச் சொல்லவேண்டாம் என்று முடிவெடுத்தார்.</p><p>வீட்டைநோக்கி நடக்கையில், மணிப்பர்ஸைப் பற்றிய கவலை மறுபடி அவரை ஆட்கொண்டது. மிஞ்சிப்போனால் இருபதுரூபாயும், சில ரசீதுகளும் இருந்த பழைய மணிபர்ஸ் தான் என்றாலும், தொலைந்துபோனது கேள்விப்பட்டால் மனைவி நிச்சயமாக கலக்கமடைவாள். ஒருமுறை கடைவீதிக்கு போய்விட்டு வந்துவிட்டு ஒரு ஐந்து ரூபாய்க்கு இவர் கணக்கு சொல்லமுடியாமல் போனபோது உடைந்து அழுதே விட்டாள். எக்காரணத்தைக்கொண்டும் இன்றைய விஷயம் அவளுக்குத் தெரியக்கூடாது. அவள் மனது அமைதியாகவும், மகிழ்ச்சியாகவும் இருக்கவிடுவதே அவளுக்கு தான் தரும் பிறந்தநாள் பரிசாக எண்ணிக்கொண்டார். எப்படி மணிபர்ஸ் திருடனுக்கு அளித்த பரிசாக ஆனதோ, அதுபோல.</p><p>வீட்டுவரை நடக்கவேண்டி இருந்ததால் தாமதமாகத்தான் போய்ச்சேர்ந்தார். <i>“வர வழியில கொஞ்சம் எதிர்பாராத வேலை</i>” என்று விளக்கமளித்தார். மறுநாள் வழக்கம்போல அலுவலகத்துக்குப் போனார்.</p><p><br /></p><p><i>“உங்க பிறந்தநாள் ஆச்சா?”</i></p><p><i>”ஆமாம் சார். எதிர்பார்த்ததை விட முன்னாடியே முடிஞ்சது”</i></p><p><i>“நல்லதாப் போச்சு. நீங்க இன்னைக்கு அரை நாளாவது வந்தா நல்லா இருக்கும்னு நானே நினைச்சிகிட்டு இருந்தேன். நிறைய வேலை இருக்கு”</i></p><p><i>“தெரியும் சார்”</i> என்றபடி தன் மேஜைக்கு சென்று அமர்ந்தார் ராமாராவ்.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>ஆர்.கே.நாராயண் எழுதிய Fruition at Forty சிறுகதையின் மொழிபெயர்ப்பு</p><p><img alt="An Indian writer R. K. Narayan" class="n3VNCb KAlRDb" data-noaft="1" jsaction="load:XAeZkd;" jsname="HiaYvf" src="https://www.mymahanagar.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/vishwa-vishesh-photo-4.jpg" style="height: 340px; margin: 0px; width: 362.295082px;" /></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #6fa8dc;"><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2022/04/39.html"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">39</span></a>, <a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2020/04/37.html" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none;">37</a><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 15px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2019/04/36.html" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none;">36</a><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(117, 117, 117); font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 15px;">, </span><a href="https://dagalti.blogspot.com/2017/04/34.html" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none;">34</a><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 15px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2015/04/32.html" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">32</a><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2014/04/31.html" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">31</a><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2013/04/30.html" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">30</a><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2012/04/29.html" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">29</a><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2011/04/28.html" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">28</a><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2010/04/27.html" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">27</a><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2009/04/26.html" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">26</a></span></p>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-75565455514635154522023-01-15T15:42:00.002+05:302023-01-15T15:42:32.505+05:30தமிழிலக்கியமும் தைப்பொங்கலும்<p> தைப்பொங்கல் ஒரு உழவர் பண்டிகை என்பது இன்று காணும் நிதர்சனம் என்றாலும், அது எக்காலத்தில் இந்நிலையை அடைந்தது என்பதில் தெளிவில்லை.</p><p><i>‘சங்க காலம் முதற்கொண்டே இயற்கைக்கும், மாடுகளுக்கும், நன்றி தெரிவிக்கும் விழாவைக் கொண்டாடி வருவது தெளிவு’ </i>என்கிற ரீதியில் ஒரு பொதுப்புரிதல் நிலவுகிறது. ஆனால் அதற்கு எந்த இலக்கிய சான்றும் இல்லை.</p><p><img alt="பொங்கல் பரிசு பை…. தமிழக அரசு செம… ஸ்டாலினுக்கு குவியும் வாழ்த்து…!!! – Seithi Solai" class="n3VNCb KAlRDb" data-noaft="1" jsaction="load:XAeZkd;" jsname="HiaYvf" src="https://www.seithisolai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/PAI.png" style="height: 302.761175px; margin: 0px; width: 574px;" /></p><p><br /></p><p>பொதுவாக சங்ககாலம் தொட்டு தைப்பொங்கல் தமிழர் பண்டாட்டில் நிலவுவதாக நம்ப விழைபவர்கள் காட்டும் சில மேற்கோள்களைப் பார்ப்போம் (பலர் இவ்வரிகளை புளகாங்கித வாட்ஸாப் இடுகைகளில் பார்த்திருக்கலாம்!)</p><p><br /></p><p>1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">அலங்கு செந்நெல் கதிர் வேய்ந்த </span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">ஆய் கரும்பின் கொடிக்கூரை </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">சாறு கொண்ட களம் போல</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">வேறு வேறு பொலிவு தோன்ற</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">(புறநானூறு 22)</span></p><p></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>சேரமான் மாந்தரஞ்சேரல் இரும்பொறையின் போர்ப்பாசறையைப் பாடும் பாடலில் வரும் வரி இது. </p><p>இவ்வரியின் பொருள்: <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; font-style: italic; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="உ.வே.சாமிநாதையர் நினைவுகள்" class="n3VNCb" data-noaft="1" jsaction="load:XAeZkd;" jsname="HiaYvf" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRdTt29LWljsZYrwP5k3mVrF5GxjYOvC1kb_w&usqp=CAU" style="height: 428px; margin: 0px auto; width: 305.306667px;" title="உ.வே.சாமிநாதையர்" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table></p><div style="text-align: center;"><i>உ</i>உ<i style="font-style: italic;">“அசைந்த செந்நெல் கதிரால் வேயப்பட்ட மெல்லிய கரும்பால் கட்டப்பட்ட ஒழுங்குபட்ட கூரை, விழா எடுத்துக்கொள்ளப்பட்ட இடத்தைப் போல வேறு வேறாக பொலிவு தோன்ற.... ” </i><i>(உ.வே.சா உரை)</i></div><p></p><p>இப்பாடலின் நிகழ்காலம் பொங்கல் விழா அல்ல, போர்க்களம்.</p><p><br /></p><p>செந்நெல், கரும்பு இரண்டையும் காணும்பொழுது ஒரு விழாவை நினைவுபடுத்துவதால் இந்த உவமையைக் கையாண்டிருக்கிறார் இப்பாடலைப் பாடிய குறுங்கோழியூர் கிழார். இது குறிப்பாக இன்று நாம் கொண்டாடும் பொங்கல் போன்ற <i>‘உழவர்கள் பரிதிவணக்கம் செய்யும் பண்டிகை’ </i>என்று சொல்லிவிட முடியாது.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">தையிட் திங்கள் தண் கயம் படியும் (நற்றிணை 80)</span></blockquote><p></p><p><br /></p><p>தண்மை என்றால் குளிர்ச்சி</p><p>கயம் என்றால் குளம்</p><p><br /></p><p><i>“தை மாதத்தில் குளிர்ச்சியான குளத்தில் நீராடும்”</i> தலைவிதான், தன் பிரிவுநோய்க்கு மருந்து...என்று தலைவன் சொல்லும் பாடல் இது.</p><p><br /></p><p>3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">தையிட் திங்கள் தண் கயம் தரினும்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"> (குறுந்தொகை 196)</span></p><p></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>தலைவியின் பிரிவாற்றாமையைப் பற்றி தோழி கூறும் பாடல் இது. </p><p><i>‘தை மாதத்தில் குளிர்ச்சியான குளத்தில் இறங்கினாலும், பிரிவால் வருந்தும் தலைவி, அதை வெப்பமாக உணர்கிறாள்'</i>, என்று மிக அழகான வரி இது.</p><p><br /></p><p>4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">தையிட் திங்கள் தண் கயம் போல் </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">(ஐங்குறுநூறு 84)</span></p><p></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>ஒழுக்கம் தவறி பரத்தையர்பால் சென்ற மருதநிலத் தலைவனை, தோழி இடித்துரைக்கும் பாடல் இது. </p><p><br /></p><p><i>“தை மாதத்து குளிர்ந்த குளம் போல”</i>...பல பெண்கள் அடைந்த இடம் உன் மார்பு – என்று கூறுகிறாள்.</p><p><br /></p><p>தைநீராடல் சங்ககாலத்தே பெண்களிடையே ஒரு வழக்காக இருந்ததை இப்பாடல் குறிப்புணர்த்துகிறது. </p><p><br /></p><p>இதுவரை சொன்ன பாடல்களில் குளுமையான குளத்தில் இறங்கும் தனியொரு தலைவியின் செயல்தான் ஒப்புமைப்பொருள். ஆனால், இவ்வரியில் பெண்டிர் பலர் கூடி நீராடும் ஏதோ ஒரு வழக்கம் இருந்திருப்பதாய் கோடிக்காட்டப்படுகிறது. </p><p>எத்துணைப் பரவலான வழக்காக இது இருந்திருந்தால், ஒரு எதிர்நிலை ஒப்புமையில் பயன்படும்போதும் இது தெளிவாகப் பொலிந்திருக்கும், என்பதை நாம் உணரலாம். </p><p>சங்கப்பாடல்களுக்கே உரித்தான அழகியல்.</p><p><br /></p><p>5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> </p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">தையில் நீராடி தவம் தலைப்படுவாயோ </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">(கலித்தொகை -59 ; குறிஞ்சிக்கலி)</span></p><p></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>தலைவியின் அழகைக் கண்டு தலைவன் மருள்கிறான். ஆனால் அவளோ இவனைக் கண்டுகொள்ளவே இல்லை. <i>“என்னை இவ்வாறு வருந்தவிட்டுவிட்டு நீ தை மாதம் நீராடி நோன்பு (தவம்) இருக்கச் சென்றுவிடுவாயோ?”</i> என்று கேட்கும் வரி இது.</p><p>மிகத் தெளிவாக சங்ககாலத்தில் பெண்கள், தைமாதத்தில், குளிர்ந்த நீரில் நீராடி நோன்பிருக்கும் வழக்கம் இருந்த செய்தியைத் தெரிவிக்கிறது இப்பாடல்.</p><p><i>தையொரு திங்களும்</i>....என்று தொடங்கும் ஆண்டாளின் நாச்சியார் திருமொழி இந்நோன்பின் நீட்சியாக நாம் கொள்ளலாம்.</p><p>இப்பாடல்களில் ஒன்றில் இன்றைய பொங்கல் பண்டிகைக்கான வேர் இருப்பதாகச் சொல்ல இடமில்லை.</p><p><br /></p><p>6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">நெய்பூசும் ஒண்புழுக்கல் நேரிழையீர் கொண்டாடும் </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">(திருஞானசம்பந்தர் தேவாரம்)</span></p></blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><p>சம்பந்தர், மயிலை கபாலீச்சுரத்தில் பாடிய பூம்பாவை திருப்பதிகத்தில் வரும் வரி இது. அதன் அடுத்த வரி:</p><p><i>தைப்பூசம் காணாதே போதியே பூம்பாவை.</i></p><p><img alt="Sakthi Vikatan - 08 May 2009 - தேவாரத் திருவுலா!-ஈசனின் திருத்தலங்கள் |" class="n3VNCb KAlRDb" data-noaft="1" jsaction="load:XAeZkd;" jsname="HiaYvf" src="https://gumlet.vikatan.com/vikatan%2F2019-05%2F5686e0a2-4181-4591-ad6c-76b7dade4ab8%2Fsa90f.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&w=1200" style="height: 340px; margin: 0px; width: 269.84127px;" /></p><p><i>‘(மயிலையில்) பெண்கள் நெய்யொழுகும் பொங்கல் (ஒண்புழுக்கு) சமைத்துக் கொண்டாடும் தைப்பூசத்தைக் காணாது போவாயோ பூம்பாவாய்’ </i>என்று சம்பந்தர் பாடி, பூம்பாவையை உயிர்பிக்கிறார்.</p><p><br /></p><p>ஆக, இப்பாடலில் பொங்கலும் இருக்கிறது, தையும் இருக்கிறது, ஆனால் தைப்பூசத்தில்! </p><p>தை முதல் நாள் பண்டிகை இல்லை.</p><p><br /></p><p>இதேபோல சிலப்பதிகாரத்திலும் பொங்கல் படைக்கப்படுகிறது. ஆனால் அது இந்திர விழாவில்.</p><p><br /></p><p>7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">புதுக்கலத்து எழுந்த தீம்பால் பொங்கல் </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">(சீவகசிந்தாமணி, 1821, கனகமாலையார் இலம்பகம்)</span></p></blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><p>ஏமமாபுரத்தை சீவகன் காண்கிறான். அதன் சிகப்பு நிற மதிலைத் தாண்டி வெண்மையான நிற மாடங்கள் ஓங்கி உயர்ந்து தெரிகின்றன. இக்காட்சி எவ்வாறு இருக்கிறது என்றால்: <i>‘புதிய (மண்)பானையிலிருந்து வெண்மையான பால் பொங்குவதைப் போல இருக்கிறது’</i> என்று வர்ணிக்கிறார் திருத்தக்கத்தேவர்.</p><p><br /></p><p>இது ஒரு காட்சி ஒப்புமை, அவ்வளவே.</p><p>ஆனால் இதற்கு முந்தைய வரியுடன் சேர்ந்து படித்தால்:</p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">மதுக்குலாம் அலங்கல் மாலை மங்கையர் வளர்த்த செந்தீ</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">புதுக்கலத்து எழுந்த தீம்பால் பொங்கல்......</span></p><p><br /></p><p>என்று வருகிறது.</p><p><br /></p><p><i>அதாவது, தேன் நிறைந்த பூக்களால் ஆன அசையும் மாலைகள் (அணிந்த) மங்கையர் வளர்க்கும் செந்நிற தீயின் மீது (வைக்கப்பட்ட) புதிய மண்பானையிலிருந்து பொங்கிய பாலைப் (போல)...</i></p><p><br /></p><p>என்று பொருள்.</p><p>மாலை அணிந்த மங்கையர் கூடி புதுப்பானையில் பாலைப் பொங்க விடும் காட்சி.</p><p>இது பொங்கல் வைக்கும் விழா நிகழ்வு. தைப்பொங்கல் என்று உறுதியாக சொல்லமுடியாவிட்டாலும், ஒரு விழா நிகழ்ச்சியைத் தான் திருத்தக்கத் தேவர் உவமையாக்கியிருக்கிறார், என்று சொல்லலாம்.</p><p><br /></p><p>ஆக, பழந்தமிழ் இலக்கியங்களில், தை இருந்தால் பொங்கல் இல்லை. </p><p>பொங்கல் இருந்தால் தை இல்லை. </p><p>தையும் பொங்கலும் இருந்தாலும் அது (இன்றைய) தைப்பொங்கல் இல்லை. </p><p><br /></p><p>17ம் நூற்றாண்டில் எழுதப்பட்ட உழவர்குடி மக்கள் இலக்கியமான முக்கூடற்பள்ளில்: </p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">‘பொங்கலும் இட்டுத் தேங்காயும் கரும்பும் </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">பூலா உடையாருக்குச் சாலவே கொடும்’</span></p><p></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>என்று உழவர்கள், ‘பூலாவுடையார்’ என்ற தெய்வத்துக்கு படையல் இடுவதைக் காண முடிகிறது. இதுவும் தைப்பிறப்பில் என்று சொல்வதற்கில்லை என்றாலும், உழவு சார் விழாவாகவும், படையல்கள் ஓரளவு இன்றுடன் ஒத்திருப்பதையும் இருப்பதைக் காண முடிகிறது.</p><p>காலப்போக்கில் பண்பாட்டின் பல கூறுகள் முயங்கித் தொகுந்து இன்றைய நிலையை அடைந்திருப்பதாக நாம் புரிந்துகொள்ளலாம்.</p><p><br /></p>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-22456272706177031862022-09-04T17:58:00.001+05:302022-09-04T17:58:08.802+05:30அறத்தை ஆக்குவது<p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br />தொல்காப்பியம் வேற்றுமையிலில் 2ம் வேற்றுமை உருபான <b>ஐ</b> உருபு பொருட்படும் இடங்களை சேனாவரையர் விளக்குகிறார்<br /><br /><i style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">காப்பின் ஒப்பின் ஊர்தியின் இழையின்</span></i></span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-weight: 400;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></i><i><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">ஒப்பின் புகழின் பழியின் என்றா</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></i><i><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">பெறலின் இழவின் காதலின் வெகுளியின்</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></i><i><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">செறலின் உவத்தலின் கற்பின் என்றா</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></i><i><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">அறுத்தலின் குறைத்தலின் தொகுத்தலின் பிரித்தலின்</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></i><i><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">நிறுத்தலின் அளவின் எண்ணின் என்றா</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></i><b><i><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">ஆக்கலின்</span></i></b><i><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> சார்தலின் செலவின் கன்றலின்</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></i><i><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">நோக்கலின் அஞ்சலின் சிதைப்பின்</span></i><b><i><span style="font-size: 13pt;"> </span></i></b><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">.... <br /></span><br />மேற்குறிப்பிட்ட <span style="color: black;"> </span>சொல்லதிகாரம் 72வது நூற்பாவில் </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">காப்பு (காத்தல்), ஒப்பு (ஒத்தல்)... என 28 இடங்களின் ஐ உருபு பொருள்படுவதைக் கூறுகிறார்<br /><br /><b>இவை மூன்று வகையான பொருள்கள்</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical",sans-serif; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">இயற்றப்படுவது (i.e. உண்டாக்கப்படுவன) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical",sans-serif; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">இழைத்தல் -> எயிலை இழைத்தான் (எயில் என்றால் சுவர்)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical",sans-serif; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">வேறுபடுக்கப்படுவன (</span><span style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 17.33333396911621px;">i.e. </span><span style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; text-indent: -18pt;">தன் இயல்பில் இருந்து திரிந்தன)</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical",sans-serif; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">அறுத்தல் </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13pt;"><span>à</span></span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> நாணை அறுக்கும் (ஏற்கனவே இருந்த கயிறு எனும் பொருளை அறுத்து அதன் இயல்பை மாற்றுவது)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical",sans-serif; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">எய்தப்படுவன (பொருளின் இயல்பின் மாற்றமே இல்லை, அதை எய்தும் செயல் மட்டுமே நடக்கிறது)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Lohit Tamil Classical, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">நிறுத்தல்</span></span></span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13pt;"><span>à</span></span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> பொன்னை நிறுக்கும் (நிறுக்கும் செயல், பொன்னில் தன்மையை மாற்றவில்லை)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">btw</span></span></span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">: மனைவியை காதலிக்கும் என்ற எடுத்துக்காட்டையும் தருகிறார். நுட்பவாசகர் புரிந்துகொள்க!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">இவற்றில் <b>ஆக்கல்</b> (ஆக்குதல்) எங்கு வருகிறது</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br />ஆக்கல் என்பது இயற்றும் செயல் அல்ல. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">அது வேறுபடுக்கப்படும் செயல் என்கிறார் சேனாவரையர். <br /><br />இல்லாத ஒன்றை யாரும் ஆக்குவதில்லை. இருப்பவற்றின் தன்மையை மாற்றி அக்குகிறோம். <br /><br />இதற்கு சேனாவரையர் கூறும் எடுத்துக்காட்டு சுவாரஸ்யமானது: <b>அறத்தை ஆக்கும்.</b><br /><br />மிக எளிதாக அவர் ஒரு பருப்பொருளை எடுத்துக்காட்டாகக் கூறியிருக்கலாம் (e.g. சோற்றை ஆக்கும்) ஆனால் அவர் அதைச் செய்யவில்லை.<br /><br />சொல்லப்போனால் அந்த எடுத்துக்காட்டை சேனாவரையரே வேறொரு இடத்தில் அழகாகச் சொல்லியிருக்கிறார்.<br /><br /><b>சொல்லதிகாரத்தின் முதல் இயல்: கிளவியாக்கம்</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><b style="color: black;"><br /></b>கிளவி என்றால் சொல். சொற்களை ஆக்குவதைப் பற்றிய இந்த இயலுக்கு விளக்கம் தரும்பொழுது இவ்வாறு கூறுகிறார்:<br /><br /><i style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">வழுக் களைந்து சொற்களை ஆக்கிக்கொண்டமையான் இவ்வோத்துக் </span></i></span><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><i style="font-weight: 400;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">'</span></i><i style="font-weight: 400;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">கிளவியாக்க</span></i><i style="font-weight: 400;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">' </span></i><i style="font-weight: 400;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">மாயிற்று. ஆக்கம்-அமைத்துக்கோடல்</span></i><i style="font-weight: 400;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">; </span></i><i style="font-weight: 400;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">நொய்யும் நுறுங்கும் களைந்துஅரிசி அமைத்தாரை அரிசியாக்கினார் என்ப வாகலின். சொற்கள் பொருள்கள் மேல் ஆமாறு உணர்த்தினமையால் கிளவியாக்க மாயிற்று எனினும் அமையும்</span></i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span><br /></span><span lang="TA" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;"><br />அதாவது</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span lang="TA" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">அரிசியை அக்குதல் என்றால் என்ன</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">? </span><span lang="TA" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;"><br />நெல்லை அதன் இயல்பிலிருந்து வேறுபடுத்தி</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span lang="TA" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">நொய்யையும் நுறுங்கையும் களைந்து எடுத்து ‘ஆக்கப்படுவது</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">’ </span><span lang="TA" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">அரிசி. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;"><br />அதுபோல வழுவான சொற்களை நீக்கி</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span lang="TA" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">நல்ல சொற்களை ஆக்கிப் பொருள் கொள்வதால் இந்த இயல் (ஓத்து) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">‘</span><span lang="TA" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">கிளவியாக்கம்</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">’ <span> </span></span><span lang="TA" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">எனப் பெயர் பெற்றது.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><b>அறம்</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br />மேற்சொன்னது போல </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">‘</span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">ஆக்கல்</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">’ </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">என்ற வினைக்கு எடுத்துக்காட்டு தரும்பொழுது</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">, </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">மிகச்சிறப்பான விளக்கப்பட்ட அரிசி ஆக்கல் என்ற பருண்மைப்பொருளைக் (physical object) கூறாமல்</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">, </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">சேனாவரையர் </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">‘</span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">அறத்தை ஆக்கும்</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">’ </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">என்று ஒரு கருத்தை (concept) எடுத்தாட்டுக்காகக் கூறியிருக்கிறார்.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal;"><br />இவருக்கு முன்னர் உரை எழுதிய இளம்பூரணர், இவ்விடத்தில் </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal;">‘</span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><i>ஊரை ஆக்கும்</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal;">’ </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal;">என்று பருண்மைப்பொருளையே எடுத்துக்காட்டாய் கூறியுள்ளார். மூன்று வகை பொருள்வகைகளை அவர் விரிக்கவில்லை. சேனாவரையர் தான் இந்த நுட்பமான பாகுபாடைச் செய்கிறார்.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /><b>இங்கு சேனாவரையர் உத்தேசிக்கும் அறம் எது</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><b>?</b></span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><b><br /></b><br />வாழ்நெறியா</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">அதன்பால் நின்று செய்யும் (ஈகை போன்ற) செய்கைகளையா?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;"><br />செய்கைகள் பருண்மைப்பொருள்</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;"> </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">சார்ந்தவை. பொருட்களின் இயல்பிலிருந்து திரித்திச் செய்யும் </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">‘</span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">வேறுபடுக்கப்படும்</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">’ </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">செயல்களாக அவற்றைப் புரிந்துகொள்வது எளிது.<br /><br />அதாவது</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">, ‘</span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">அறம் செய்தான்</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">’ </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">என்பதை </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">‘</span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">தானம் செய்தான்</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">’ </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">என்று புரிந்துகொண்டால்</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">, <span> </span></span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">தன் பொருளிலிருந்து சிலவற்றை பிறருக்குத் தருவதால் மொத்தப்பொருளின் தன்மை சற்று வேறுபடுக்கப்படுகிறது</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;">என்பது சற்று வருந்தி பொருள்கொள்வதுபோல உள்ளது.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 400;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">மாறாக அறத்தை ஒரு கருத்துப்படிவமாக </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">உத்தேசித்தார் என்பதே முறையான பொருள்கோளாகத் தோன்றுகிறது.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">அறன் வலியுறுத்தல் அதிகாரத்தில் வள்ளுவர் </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical",sans-serif; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">அறத்தின் ஊங்கு <i>ஆக்கம்</i> எவனோ உயிர்க்கு</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical",sans-serif; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">அறத்தின் ஊங்கு <i>ஆக்கமும்</i> இல்லை</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">என்றதும் இணைத்து நோக்கத்தக்கது.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">அறம் என்பது தனியொரு செயலல்ல. செயல்களைச் செலுத்தும் நெறி</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">அறம் நாம் இயற்றக்கூடியதல்ல.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">அறம் நாம் எய்தவேண்டிய ஒன்றும் அல்ல.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><i style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">அது<i> </i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">‘</span></i><i><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">நொய்யும் நுறுங்கும் களைந்து அரிசி ஆக்குவது</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">’</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">போல நம்மால் </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><i>வேறுபடுக்கப்படவேண்டியது</i>. <span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><style class="WebKit-mso-list-quirks-style">
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</style>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-57979302467370440232022-08-13T14:41:00.006+05:302022-08-13T20:48:32.696+05:30 ஒரு தேரில் இரு கிருஷ்ணன்கள் <p>உத்யோக பர்வத்தில் ஒரு இடம்.</p><p><br /></p><p>பார்த்தனுக்கு சாரதியாக இருக்க கிருஷ்ணன் சம்மதித்துவிட்டான் என்ற செய்தி அறிந்த த்ரிதராஷ்ட்ரர் புலம்புகிறார்:</p><p><i>ஒரு ரதத்தில் இரு கிருஷ்ணன்களும் (அர்ஜுனனும் கரிய நிறத்தவன் என்பதால் அவனுக்கும் கிருஷ்ணன் என்ற பெயர் உண்டு), காண்டீபமும் சேர்ந்துவந்தால் நிகழப்போகும் தாக்குதலை யாராலும் தாங்கமுடியாது என்பது எனக்குக் கண்கூடாகத் தெரிகிறது, ஆனால் இதைக் க்கௌரவர்கள் உணரவில்லையே</i>, என்று அங்கலாய்க்கிறார்.</p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05052.htm">காங்குலியின் மொழிபெயர்ப்பில்</a>:</p><p></p><p style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Sanjay - Krishnakosh" class="n3VNCb KAlRDb" data-noaft="1" height="400" jsaction="load:XAeZkd;" jsname="HiaYvf" src="https://en.krishnakosh.org/w/images/thumb/3/39/Sanjaya-Dhritarashtra.jpg/200px-Sanjaya-Dhritarashtra.jpg" style="height: 300px; margin: 0px; width: 200px;" width="267" /></p><i>We hear that the two Krishnas on the same car and the stringed Gandiva,--these three forces,--have been united together. As regards ourselves, we have not a bow of that kind, or a warrior like Arjuna, or a charioteer like Krishna. The foolish followers of Duryodhana are not aware of this. O Sanjaya, the blazing thunderbolt falling on the head leaveth something undestroyed, but the arrows, O child, shot by Kiritin leave nothing undestroyed. Even now I behold Dhanajaya shooting his arrows and committing a havoc around, picking off heads from bodies with his arrowy showers! Even now I behold the arrowy conflagration, blazing all around, issuing from the Gandiva, consuming in battle the ranks of my sons. Even now it seemeth to me that, struck with panic at the rattle of Savyasachin's car, my vast army consisting of diverse forces is running away in all directions. As a tremendous conflagration, wandering in all directions, of swelling flames and urged by the wind, consumeth dry leaves and grass, so will the great fame of Arjuna's weapons consume all my troops. Kiritin, appearing as a foe in battle, will vomit innumerable arrows and become irresistible like all destroying Death urged forward by the Supreme Ordainer.</i><p></p><p><br /></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>ஒரு ரதத்தில் இருகிருஷ்ணன்களும், நாருள காண்டிவமுமாகிய - மூன்று விசைகளின் இணைவைக் கேள்வியுற்றோம்.</li><li>அதுபோன்ற வில்லோ, வில்லாளியோ, பாகனோ நாம் கொண்டோமில்லை.</li><li>மடமைமிகு துரியோதனாதிகள் இதை அறிந்தாரில்லை.</li><li>ஸஞ்சயா, மின்னல் இடி தலையில் விழுந்தாலும் ஏதாவது மிஞ்சும், ஆனால் கிரீடீ (அர்ஜுனன்) செலுத்தும் அம்போ எதையும் மிச்சம் வைக்காது.</li><ul><li>தனஞ்சயனின் ஶரமழைகள் உடல்களிலினின்று தலைகளைக் கொய்வதை இப்போதே என்னால் காணமுடிகிறது</li><li>காண்டீபம் பற்றவைக்கும் அம்புத்தீ, சமர்க்களத்தில் என் மகன்களைச் சூழ்வதை இப்போதே என்னால் காணமுடிகிறது</li><li>ஸவ்யஸாச்சியின் (அர்ஜுனன்) தேர் எதிர்பட சிதறியோடும் பல்வகைப் படைகளை இப்போதே என்னால் காணமுடிகிறது</li></ul><li>பெருந்தீ, காற்றோடு வளர்ந்து, காய்ந்த சரகுகளையும், புற்களையும் பருகிப் பெருகுவதை புகழ்மிக்க அர்ஜுனாயுதங்கள் என் படைகளை உண்டு அழிக்கும்.</li><li>ஊழின் படி நடக்கும் கூற்றுவன் போல, அமரிடை எதிர்ப்படும் பெரும்பகைவனாக க்ரீடி உமிழும் வாளிகளை, யாராலும் எதிர்க்கவியலாது.</li></ul><p></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">அருமறையத னுருபயனென திருமகளுறை கரியும்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">திருநிறையெழில் பரிரதமதை விரட்டிடபகை மருளும்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">இருகறுநிற வரைநெருங்கிட விரிசிலைதழல் பருகும் </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">சருகெனவிழு சரமழையெதிர் அரிபடையது சிதறும்</span></p><p><b>வகை</b>: கலிவிருத்தம்</p><p><b>சந்தம்</b>: கருவிளங்கனி கருவிளங்கனி கருவிளங்கனி புளிமா</p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><p><b>ஓசை</b>: ஏந்திசை துள்ளல்</p><p><b>வண்ணம்</b>: இயைபு வண்ணம் (உத்தேசமாக!)</p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></p><div><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="1" height="180px" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" name="myiFrame" scrolling="no" src="https://record.reverb.chat/embed/CnzL88HBEcfgwHsUwuFB" style="border: 0px #ffffff none;" width="100%"></iframe><br /></div><p><br /></p><p><b>பதம் பிரித்து</b></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">அரு மறை அதன் உருபயன் என திருமகள் உறை கரி உந்து</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">இருநிறை எழில் பரி ரதம் அதை விரட்டிட பகை மருளும்</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">இரு கறுநிற வரை நெருங்கிட விரி சிலை தழல் பருகும்</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Karla;">சருகு என விழு சர மழை எதிர் அரி படை அது சிதறும்</span></p><p><br /></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>அருமையான மறைகளால் உரும் பயனான, திருமகள் (நெஞ்சில்) உறையும் ஆண் யானை போன்றவன் (திருமாலான கிருஷ்ணன்) உந்த</li><li>இருநிறை- பரிபூர்ண நலங்களுக்கு இருப்பிடமான குதிரைகள் (பூட்டப்பட்ட) தேரை வேகமாக ஓட்டி வருவதைக் (கண்டாலே) பகைவர்கள் (க்கௌரவப்படை) மருள்வர்</li><li> இரண்டு பெரிய கருப்பு மலைகள் ஒன்றுக்கு ஒன்று நெருக்கமாக இருக்க (<b>அல்லது</b>) இந்த இரண்டு கருப்பு மலைகளை (எதிரிகளான க்கௌரவப்படையை) நெருங்கும்போது, விரிந்த வில்லான காண்டீபம், தழலால் பருகப்படும்</li><li> (காய்ந்த) சருகுகளைத் போல(த் தீப்பிழம்புகளாக) அம்பு மழைகளைப் பொழிய எதிர்நிற்கும் பகைவர்கள் (க்கௌரவர்கள்) படை சிதறிவிடும்.</li></ol><p></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>
dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-66308392518053476442022-08-02T17:51:00.004+05:302022-08-13T14:42:33.985+05:30யாரென்று தெரிகிறதா<p> <span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">வ்யாஸபாரதத்தில் சிறப்பாக சில இடங்களில் ‘க்கூட ஶ்லோகங்கள்</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">’ </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">வரும்.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">அதாவது நேராக படித்தால் பொருளற்ற சொற்றொடர் போலவும்</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பிரித்துப் படித்தால் பொருளுணரும்படியாகவும் அமைக்கப்பெற்ற ஶ்லோகங்கள்.</span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">இவை பிரிமொழி ஶ்லேஷத்திலிருந்து (சிலேடை) வேறுபட்டவை. சிலேடையில் இருவேறு பொருள்கள் வரும். ஆனால் (நான் புரிந்துகொண்டவரை) க்கூட ஶ்லோகத்தில் மறைபொருள் புரியாவிடில் மிஞ்சுவது பொருளற்ற சொற்றொடரே. </span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">இவ்வாறு அமைத்ததற்கு ஒரு அழகான புராண விளக்கம் உண்டு. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">வ்யாஸர் சொல்லச்சொல்ல எழுத்திலாக்குவதற்கு ஒப்பிய விநாயகர் வைத்த ஒரே நிபந்தனை: <i>புரியவில்லையென்றாலொழிய எழுத்து வேகம் குறையாது</i></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><i>, </i></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><i>ஆனால் தான் எழுதும்வேகத்துக்கு வ்யாஸர் சொல்லவேண்டும்</i> என்பதே, அது.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><img alt="Image" class="css-9pa8cd" draggable="true" height="279" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Afi0v2FCQAITmY4?format=jpg&name=small" width="400" /><br /><br />(<a href="https://twitter.com/keshav61/status/142062122321461248">Painting by Sri Keshav</a>)<br /><br />அதனால் வ்யாஸர், தனக்கு சிந்தித்துத் தொகுத்துக்கொள்ள நேரம்வேண்டி</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">, </span><span lang="TA"><span face="Lohit Tamil Classical, sans-serif">விநாயகவேகத்தை மட்டுப்படுத்த எழுதியவை இந்த கூட ஶ்லோகங்கள் என்பர்.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="TA"><br /><span face="Lohit Tamil Classical, sans-serif">அவ்வகை ஶ்லோகங்களில் ஒரு ப்ரபலமானது:</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">நதீ</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">³</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">ஜ லங்கேஶவனாரிகேதுர்னகா</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">³</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">ஹ்வயோ நாம நகா</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">³</span></span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">ரிஸூனு:<br /></span><br /></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">இது சிறப்புறுவது, கதையில் இது தோன்றும் கணத்தால்:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">விராட பர்வத்தில் வெட்சிப் போர்க்களத்தை விட்டு உத்தரகுமாரன் தப்பி ஓடுகிறான்.<br />அவனைக் களத்துக்குத் திரும்புமாறு ப்ரஹண்ணளையாக வேடம் புனைந்திருக்கும் அர்ஜுனன் துரத்தி ஓடுகிறான். </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;">பேடியை சாரதியாகக் கொண்டு வெட்சிக்களம்புகுந்த இளவரசன் புறமுதுகிட்டு ஓடுகிறான். சாரதியானவள் அவனைத் துரத்தி போர்க்களத்துக்கு திரும்புமாறு கேட்பதைக் க்கௌரவ சேனை வேடிக்கையாகக் காண்கிறது.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">போர் நடக்கும் இடம் ஊரின் எல்லை.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">அங்குள்ள சுடலையை அடுத்துள்ள வன்னிக்காட்டில் காண்டீபம் முதலான போர்க்கருவிகளை மரத்தில் ஒளித்துவைக்கப்பட்டிருக்கின்றன. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">தானே அர்ஜுனன் என்று ப்ரஹண்ணளை உத்தரகுமாரனுக்கு அறிவித்து, அப்போர்கருவிகளை எடுத்துத் தருமாறு பணிக்கிறான்.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"> <br />இனி போர்க்களத்துக்குத் திரும்பப்போவது உத்தரகுமாரன் அல்ல</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">அர்ஜுனனே என்பதை குறிப்புணர்த்துமாறு</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">அவன் தேர்க்கொடியில் ஹனுமன் தோன்றுகிறான்.<br /><br />இவை எவற்றையும்</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பயந்தோடிய உத்தரனைக் கண்டு கொக்கரித்து நிற்கும் க்கௌரவப்படை உணரவில்லை.<br /><br />நிகழ்ந்துவிட்ட மாற்றத்தை, நிகழப்போகிற அதகளத்தை துரோணர் முதலில் உணர்ந்தார். </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">அதை பீஷ்மருக்கு குறிப்புணர்த்தும் விதமாக இந்த ஶ்லோகம் சொல்லப்படுகிறது.<br /><br /></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">நதீ</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">³</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">ஜ லங்கேஶவனாரிகேதுர்னகா</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">³</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">ஹ்வயோ நாம நகா</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">³</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">ரிஸூனு:</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"><br /></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: red;"><br /></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">இதன் முதல் பாதி</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: red;"><br /></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: red;"><br /></span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">நதீ</span></span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;"> - </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">ஆறு</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;"><br /></span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">ஜலங்</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: red;"> – </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">ஜலம் </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"> நீர்</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;"><br /><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கேஶவ</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: red;"> – </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">கேசவன்</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: red;"> </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">(திருமாலின் நாமம்)</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;"><br /><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">னாரி</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: red;"> – </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">நாரி (பெண்)</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;"><br /><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கேதுர்</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: red;"> - </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">கொடி</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: red;"><br /><br /></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">ஆறு</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">நீர் , கேசவன்</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பெண்</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">கொடி</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: red;"> </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">– என்ற சொற்குவியல். பொருளில்லை.<br /><br />ஆனால் இதை வேறுமாதிரி அலகிட்டால்</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: red;"><br /><br /></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">நதீ</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">³</span></span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">ஜ லங்கேஶ வனாரி கேது</span><br /><br /></span><span lang="TA"><span style="color: red; font-family: Kavivanar;">நதீஜ</span></span><span lang="TA"><span face="Lohit Tamil Classical, sans-serif"> – நதியில் ஜனித்தவனே (கங்கையில் ஜனித்த காங்கேயர் பீஷ்மருக்கான விளி)</span><br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Kavivanar;">லங்கேஶ</span></span><span lang="TA"><span face="Lohit Tamil Classical, sans-serif"> - இலங்கேஸ்வரனான (ராவணின்) </span><br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Kavivanar;">வனாரி</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"> </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"> வன + அரி (பகைவன்)....இலங்கேஶ்வரனின் அஶோகவனத்தின் பகைவனான ஹனுமன்</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="TA"><span style="color: red; font-family: Kavivanar;">கேது</span></span><span lang="TA"><span face="Lohit Tamil Classical, sans-serif"> -> கொடி</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="TA"><br /><span face="Lohit Tamil Classical, sans-serif">அதாவது: கங்கை மைந்தரே, இலங்கேஶ்வரனின் அஶோகவனத்தை அழித்த ஹனுமன் அக்கொடியில் (வந்துவிட்டான் பாறீர்)</span><br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">னகா</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">³</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">ஹ்வயோ நாம நகா</span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;">³</span></span><span lang="TA" style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">ரிஸூனு:<br /></span><br /></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">நகராத மலைகளின் பகைவனான (இந்திரனின்) மகனான, மரத்தின் பெயர்கொண்ட (அர்ஜுனன்) வந்துவிட்டான்</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">முன்பொருகாலத்தில் பொன்மலையான மைனக்கின் சகோதரமலைகள் 99 மலைகளின் சிறகுகளை அறுத்து அவை அசையாது ஒரே இடத்தில் இருக்கும்படி செய்தான் இந்திரன். அதனால் அவன் மலைகளில் பகைவன். அவனது மகனான, மருதமரமான அர்ஜுன மரத்தின் பெயரைக் கொண்டவன் வந்தான்.<br /><br />இவ்வாறு தனது பெருவில்லாளி மாணவனைப் பதிமூன்று வருடம் கழித்துக் கண்ட களிப்பை, இந்தச் செருகளத்திலும் ஒத்துணரக்கூடிய பீஷ்மரிடம் மறைமொழியில் தெரிவிக்கிறார் துரோணாசார்யார்.<br /><br />இது போர்க்களமும் </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US">(</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">கதைக்களமும்) மாறும் தருணம்.<br />துரியோதனாதிகளை அர்ஜுனன் நேருக்கு நேராக சந்திக்கப் போகும் முதல் கணம்.<br /><br />வில்லிபாரதத்தில் (அது பாலபாரதத்தை முதல்நூலாகக் கொண்டு எழுதியபடியால்) இந்தக்கணம் விரிவாகப் பாடப்படவில்லை.<br /><br /><br /></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA">கங்கைமக நங்கையுரு வங்கொளரி தங்களவன் </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA">லங்கைவனம் பங்கமுற பொங்கிடுகு ரங்குகொடி </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA">தங்குரதன் தங்கமலை பங்கர்கெடு துங்கனது</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">அங்கனிவன் கங்குபொதி வெங்கணைக ளிங்கினியே</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">(கலிவிருத்தம்)</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><img alt="Vishwaroopam warehouse scene" class="grey_border top_margin_5" height="310" itemprop="contentURL" src="https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/greatest-action-sequences-of-tamil-cinema/images/vishwaroopam-warehouse-scene.jpg" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;" title="Vishwaroopam warehouse scene" width="310" /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="1" height="180px" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" name="myiFrame" scrolling="no" src="https://record.reverb.chat/embed/qVIM8PAwp9F07lvcwr6i" style="border: 0px #ffffff none;" width="100%"></iframe><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">பதம் பிரித்து</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); color: #3d85c6;"><i>கங்கை மக! நங்கை உருவம் கொள் அரி தங்களவன்</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><i><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">லங்கை வனம் பங்கம் உற பொங்கிடு குரங்கு கொடி (</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif">தங்கும் ரதன்)</span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face="Lohit Tamil Classical, sans-serif" style="color: #3d85c6;"><i>....தங்கமலை பங்கர் கெடு துங்கனது</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face="Lohit Tamil Classical, sans-serif" style="color: #3d85c6;"><i>அங்கன் இவன் கங்குபொதி வெங்கணைகள் இங்கு இனியே</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li> <span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: -18pt;">கங்கை மகனானே பீஷ்மரே </span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: -18pt;">நங்கை (பேடி) உருவத்தில் உள்ள எதிரி தங்கள் (வழி) வந்தவனே</span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span></li><li><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: -18pt;">இலங்கையை பங்கம் செய்யுமாறு பொங்கி (எழுந்த) குரங்கைக் கொடியில்</span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span></li><li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">தங்கும் தேரை உடையவன். மைனாக் என்ற ஹிமயமலையைத் தவிற அம்மலையில் சகோதரர்களான எல்லா மலைகளின் சிறகுகளை அறுத்த உயர்ந்தவன் (இந்திரனின்)</span></li><li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">மகன் இவன். கங்குகள் பொதிந்துள்ள வெம்மையான (அவனது) கணைகளே இனி (இக்களத்தில்) பறக்கப்போகின்றன</span></li></ol><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><br /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-85339120835431409202022-07-03T21:14:00.005+05:302022-08-13T14:42:43.350+05:30ஆழி<p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Archiving a <a href="https://twitter.com/dagalti/status/1543155044979130368">Tweet</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></p><div class="css-901oao r-1nao33i r-37j5jr r-1blvdjr r-16dba41 r-vrz42v r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__4otwrgcpnmq" lang="ta" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-size: 23px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">A conversation between Dhritarāshtra & Krishnā
<br /></span></span></div><div><div class="css-901oao r-1nao33i r-37j5jr r-1blvdjr r-16dba41 r-vrz42v r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" lang="ta" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-size: 23px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">in palindrome அடிகள்
<span style="color: #2b00fe;">சாவா ரைவது நாவாலே மாலே வாணா துவரைவாசா
தேவா நோதியோ வறமதோ மறவ யோதி நோவாதே</span></span></span></div></div><div><div class="css-901oao r-1nao33i r-37j5jr r-1blvdjr r-16dba41 r-vrz42v r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" lang="ta" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-size: 23px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">
காவார் தீயரை மாயாதோ யாமா ரைய தீர்வாகா
ஏவா னோர்யது தீயாழி விழியா தீதுயர் நோவாயே</span></span></div></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254); font-size: 23px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><br /></div><div><style class="WebKit-mso-list-quirks-style">
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</style><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">Dhritar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">shtra </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">says</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> he is worried about Draupadi’s </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">deadly </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">vow.</span></li><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">But he is </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">actually</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> worried Krishna’s involvement will make it too ‘unfair’ for his sons.</span></li><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">Krishn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> assures him he will not use his Sudarshana Chakr</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span></li><li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">But not before he says if those who </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">fail to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> protect (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">dharma)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">, don’t end evil men, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">then </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -18pt;">evil won’t end and that is no solution.</span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipLILVz5eBqTD1JaDXkqg18PaLXQhMqcjk7KrS-BgG028KWERbgtlewXBkckHC0mD3qNdfRjc9rVImoFhXaB0lrD7mGcTj7FCPBuQGSCRvJ71QYkdRVujz4JQu1v07XCRRHQkEQWw5-V2OuoTM0hJ7SrA-R84osJw9zPbS1L1Iirn_ugtEHIp3pjMEfQ/s720/Screenshot%202022-07-03%20at%208.37.12%20PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="407" data-original-width="720" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipLILVz5eBqTD1JaDXkqg18PaLXQhMqcjk7KrS-BgG028KWERbgtlewXBkckHC0mD3qNdfRjc9rVImoFhXaB0lrD7mGcTj7FCPBuQGSCRvJ71QYkdRVujz4JQu1v07XCRRHQkEQWw5-V2OuoTM0hJ7SrA-R84osJw9zPbS1L1Iirn_ugtEHIp3pjMEfQ/w400-h226/Screenshot%202022-07-03%20at%208.37.12%20PM.png" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">As the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">hakr</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> is concomitant with the imagery </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">harm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> itself</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> - it is </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">implied</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> that Krishn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">assures that he can at best keep his Sudarshana Chakra in abeyance, but the Wheel of Dharm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> will run its course.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; color: black; width: 709px;"><tbody><tr style="height: 16.05pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 16.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 74pt;" valign="top" width="99"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> சாவார்<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 16.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.2pt;" valign="top" width="92"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">ஐ வது</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 16.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 94.6pt;" valign="top" width="126"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">நாவாலே</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 16.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.1pt;" valign="top" width="96"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">மாலே</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 16.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.35pt;" valign="top" width="96"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">வாணா</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 16.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">துவரை</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 16.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.5pt;" valign="top" width="95"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">வாசா</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 7.95pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 7.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 74pt;" valign="top" width="99"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">They will die<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 7.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.2pt;" valign="top" width="92"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">The bride of five<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 7.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 94.6pt;" valign="top" width="126"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">By her tongue<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 7.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.1pt;" valign="top" width="96"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">O Vishnu<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 7.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.35pt;" valign="top" width="96"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">O Lord of the Skies<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 7.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">Dw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">rak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 7.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 71.5pt;" valign="top" width="95"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">One who Resides<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 7.95pt;"><td colspan="7" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 7.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 531.75pt;" valign="top" width="709"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">O Vishnu, O Lord of the Heavens, one who dwells in Dw</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">rak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">, they (the Kaurav</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">s) will die because of the violent vow of Draupadi<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></span></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; color: black; width: 663px;"><tbody><tr style="height: 17.25pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 17.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.95pt;" valign="top" width="88"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">தேவா<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.35pt;" valign="top" width="103"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">நோதியோ<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 84.3pt;" valign="top" width="112"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">அறம் அதோ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.25pt;" valign="top" width="86"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">மற</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">வயோதி</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.45pt;" valign="top" width="102"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">நோவாதே</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border: none; padding: 0cm;" width="85"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 8.55pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 8.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.95pt;" valign="top" width="88"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Immortal<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.35pt;" valign="top" width="103"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Will you hurt <o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 84.3pt;" valign="top" width="112"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">Is that Dharm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">ā?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.25pt;" valign="top" width="86"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Kshatriya<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Old man<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.45pt;" valign="top" width="102"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Do not hurt<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-style: none none solid;" width="85"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 8.55pt;"><td colspan="7" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 8.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 496.95pt;" valign="top" width="663"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">Thou art immortal, will you cause hurt (us mere mortals)? is that Dharm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">ā</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">?<br />Do not hurt this old warrior<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></span></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; color: black; width: 672px;"><tbody><tr style="height: 17.5pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 17.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.2pt;" valign="top" width="94"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">காவார்<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.65pt;" valign="top" width="88"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">தீயரை</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="top" width="120"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">மாயாது</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">ஓயா</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.6pt;" valign="top" width="91"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">மாரைய</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 73.85pt;" valign="top" width="98"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">தீர்வாகா</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border: none; padding: 0cm;" width="90"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 8.7pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 8.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.2pt;" valign="top" width="94"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">Thos</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">e who do not protect<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.65pt;" valign="top" width="88"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Evil men<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 89.75pt;" valign="top" width="120"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Without killing<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Will not stop<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.6pt;" valign="top" width="91"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Maharaja<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 73.85pt;" valign="top" width="98"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">It will not solve<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-style: none none solid;" width="90"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 8.7pt;"><td colspan="7" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 8.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 504.15pt;" valign="top" width="672"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">If those who do not protect, do not kill the evil men, this (adharmā) will not stop O King. This is not a solution.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></span></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; color: black; width: 686px;"><tbody><tr style="height: 17.8pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 17.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.25pt;" valign="top" width="91"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">ஏவான்<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.05pt;" valign="top" width="107"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">ஓர் யது<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 87.25pt;" valign="top" width="116"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">தீ ஆழி</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.5pt;" valign="top" width="89"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">விழியாதீ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" valign="top" width="89"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">துயர்</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 17.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 79.15pt;" valign="top" width="106"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 13pt;">நோவாயே</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border: none; padding: 0cm;" width="88"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 8.8pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 8.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 68.25pt;" valign="top" width="91"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Shall not wield<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 80.05pt;" valign="top" width="107"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">One Yadava<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 87.25pt;" valign="top" width="116"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Fiery Chakra<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 66.5pt;" valign="top" width="89"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">O</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;">who cannot see<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 67.1pt;" valign="top" width="89"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Sorrow<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 8.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 79.15pt;" valign="top" width="106"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Don’t feel the pain<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-style: none none solid;" width="88"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 8.8pt;"><td colspan="7" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 8.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 514.5pt;" valign="top" width="686"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Do not dwell on sorrow painfully, O (King) who cannot see, this one Yadava will not wield his fiery Discus.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="TA"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></span></p><div aria-expanded="false" class="css-18t94o4 css-901oao r-1cvl2hr r-6koalj r-1w6e6rj r-37j5jr r-n6v787 r-16dba41 r-1cwl3u0 r-14gqq1x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="auto" role="button" style="-webkit-box-lines: multiple; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1d9bf0; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 16px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;" tabindex="0"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></div></div>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-21754648672237742092022-04-22T23:18:00.005+05:302022-04-23T22:59:57.687+05:30ஶிவஸ்துதி<p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">இக்ஷுஹ்தனு மோஹஷர மத்ஸ்யத்வஜ தஹன</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">தக்ஷஶிர நாஶவிர பத்ரபய ஹரண</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">பக்ஷிகுல ராஜபதி நித்யமன ஶயன</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">வ்ருக்ஷகுரு வேதஃபல நிஶ்சலன நடன</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">வகை: கலிவிருத்தம்</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">சந்தம்: தானனன தானனன தானனன தனன</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><b>பொருள்</b></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கரும்புவில்லும் </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">காமபாணமும் </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">மீன்கொடியும் </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கொண்டவனை எரித்தோனே</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="Kāma Dahanā, Airāvatéshvara Temple, Dārāsuram" class="css-9pa8cd" draggable="true" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FQ6z7VnaMAAThzP?format=jpg&name=small" /></span></p><ol style="text-align: left;"></ol><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><ol style="text-align: left;"></ol><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">தக்கனது தலையை</span> <span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">அறுத்த வீர* பத்ர(உருவானவனே)</span> <span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">அச்சம் களைபவனே</span></span><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="Virabhadra Destroying the Yajna of Daksha (Illustration to the Shiva Purana) | Exotic India Art" class="n3VNCb" data-noaft="1" jsaction="load:XAeZkd;" jsname="HiaYvf" src="https://cdn.exoticindia.com/images/products/original/madhuban/pm89.jpg" style="height: 269.45142857142855px; margin: 0px; width: 542px;" /><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></span><ol style="text-align: left;"></ol><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><ol style="text-align: left;"></ol><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">பறவை அரசனான</span> <span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கருடனின் தலைவனான </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">திருமாலின் மனதில்</span> <span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">நீங்காது உறைபவனே</span><br /></span><ol style="text-align: left;"></ol><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="3 Lord Vishnu and Shiva Stories -" class="n3VNCb" data-noaft="1" jsaction="load:XAeZkd;" jsname="HiaYvf" src="https://images.sadhguru.org/mahashivratri/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Shiva_Vishnu-stories.jpg" style="height: 325.20000000000005px; margin: 0px; width: 542px;" /><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></span><ol style="text-align: left;"></ol><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">ஆலமரத்தடி குருவே (தக்ஷிணாமூர்த்தி)</span> <span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">வேதப்பயனே</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="Sthala Vriksha - Wikipedia" class="rg_i Q4LuWd" data-ils="4" height="328" jsaction="rcuQ6b:trigger.M8vzZb;" jsname="Q4LuWd" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS77AKED3RJdghEySZJUHse9ZPvG43vbnstxw&usqp=CAU" width="400" /><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></span><ol style="text-align: left;"></ol><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">தன் அகத்தே அசைவில்லாது</span> <span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">(ஊழிக்கூத்து) ஆடுபவனே</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="File:Dancing Shiva at Kailasa temple, Cave 16 Ellora.jpg - Wikimedia Commons" class="n3VNCb" data-noaft="1" jsaction="load:XAeZkd;" jsname="HiaYvf" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Dancing_Shiva_at_Kailasa_temple%2C_Cave_16_Ellora.jpg" style="height: 474px; margin: 0px; width: 246.12470187393527px;" /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">* வீர --> விர (குறைத்தல் விகாரம்)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p></div></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="1" height="180px" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" name="myiFrame" scrolling="no" src="https://record.reverb.chat/embed/yaQExOa6CY16F1rp798v" style="border: 0px #ffffff none;" width="100%"></iframe></span><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><b>அலகிடல்</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">இக்/ ஷுத/னு மோ/ஹஷ/ர மத்ஸ்/ யத்/ வஜ தஹ/ன</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">தக்/ஷஶி/ர நா/ஶவி/ர பத்/ரப/ய ஹர/ன</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">பக்/ஷிகு/கல ரா/ஜப/தி நித்/யம/ன ஶய/ன</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">வ்ருக்/ஷகு/ரு வே/தஃப/ல நிஶ்/சல/ன நட/ன</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">வாய்ப்பாடு: கூவிளங்காய் </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கூவிளங்காய் </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கூவிளங்காய் புளிமா</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">அடிக்கு 15 எழுத்துக்கள் (ஒற்று நீக்கி) </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><b>(ஓரளவு) தனித்தமிழில்</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><b>கன்னற்சிலை ஐம்பூங்கணை வாளைக்கொடி கண்தீப்பட வெரித்தோய்</b></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><b>மன்னன்தலை பின்னப்பட பத்ரன்விடு தேவேபய மொழித்தோய்</b></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><b>சென்நீர்முனை புள்ளின்இறை மாலின்மனத் தேநித்தமுங் கிடந்தோய்</b></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><b>முன்னோர்மறை வித்தேநெடு வாலத்தடி கோவேகளி நடித்தோய் </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><b></b></span></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">வகை: கலித்துறை</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">சந்தம்: தேமாங்கனி தேமாங்கனி தேமாங்கனி தேமாங்கனி புளிமா</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">ஓசை: தூங்கல் ஓசை (வஞ்சித்தளைகள்) விரவி வந்த கலித்துறை! </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கேட்டு மகிழ:</span></p><p><br /></p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="1" height="180px" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" name="myiFrame" scrolling="no" src="https://record.reverb.chat/embed/W6JfKF9zc68pleHolSap" style="border: 0px #ffffff none;" width="100%"></iframe></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">பொருள்:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">வெரித்தோய்</span> - எரித்தோய் (எரித்தவனே)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">ஐம்பூங்கணை</span> - தாமரை, மாம்பூ, அசோகு, முல்லை, கருங்குவளை ஆகிய ஐந்து பூக்களால் ஆங்கிய காமனின் அம்பு</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">மன்னன்</span> - தக்கன் (தக்ஷன்)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">பத்ரன்</span> - வீரபத்திரன்</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">சென்நீர் முனை</span> - ரத்தம் தோய்ந்த கருடனின் அலகுமுனை</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">முன்னோர் மறை</span> - ருஷிகளின் வேதம்</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">நெடு வாலத்தடி கோவே</span> - நெடிய ஆலமரத்து அடியில் அமர்ந்த தலைவனே (ஆலமர்ச்செல்வன் - தக்ஷிணமூர்த்தி)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">களி நடித்தோய்</span> - ஆனந்த நடனம் ஆடியவனே</span></p><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><p><br /></p></div>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-56236767127036865252022-04-19T00:03:00.006+05:302022-04-19T00:03:00.187+05:3039<p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Lines On Facing Forty</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> <span> </span></span></span></span></span></span> by Ogden Nash</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">I have a bone to pick with Fate.</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">Come here and tell me, girlie,</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">Do you think my mind is maturing late,</span></p><p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">Or simply rotted early?</span></p><div></div></blockquote><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2020/04/37.html">37</a>, <a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2019/04/36.html" style="font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none;">36</a><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(117, 117, 117); font-size: 15px;">, </span><a href="https://dagalti.blogspot.com/2017/04/34.html" style="font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none;">34</a><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 15px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2015/04/32.html" style="font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">32</a><span style="font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2014/04/31.html" style="font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">31</a><span style="font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2013/04/30.html" style="font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">30</a><span style="font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2012/04/29.html" style="font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">29</a><span style="font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2011/04/28.html" style="font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">28</a><span style="font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2010/04/27.html" style="font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">27</a><span style="font-size: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.in/2009/04/26.html" style="font-size: 16px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none;">26</a></span></div>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-7896628239850100972022-04-06T18:50:00.006+05:302022-04-07T22:26:35.362+05:30திருவல்லிக்கேணி<p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> <b><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 16pt;">எழுசீர் விருத்தம்</span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 16pt;"><b>சந்தம்</b>: தனாதன தனாதன தனாதன தனாதன</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 16pt;">தனாதன தனாதனத் ...... தனதான</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><b><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 16pt;">திருவல்லிக்கேணி</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA"><i>கராகது வயானையி நிராதர வுதீரசு </i></span></span><i><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">டராழியெ றிதூயவன் <span>புவிமீட்ட</span></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA"><i>வராகன துமாற்றல னிமூத்தன துகூற்றைக </i></span></span><i style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">விராசனி வனாற்றல தனைக்காண </i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA"><i>மராமர மொரேழுபு குவாளிவி டுராமனொ </i></span></span><i style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">டுபார்த்தன துசாரதி யயுமாதி </i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA"><i>அராவணை யிலாணழ கநீள்வடி வுமேவுப </i></span></span><i style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">தியேதவ னிமீதினில் இதுபோல </i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><b><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 14pt;">பதம் பிரித்து</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="background-color: yellow;">கரா கதுவ யானையின் நிராதரவு</span><span lang="TA" style="background-color: #fcff01;"> தீர </span></span><span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-family: Kavivanar;">சுடராழி எறி தூயவன்</span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;"> </span> <span style="background-color: magenta;">புவிமீட்ட</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA"><span style="background-color: magenta;">வராகனது மாற்றலனின் மூத்தனது கூற்றை</span> </span></span><span style="background-color: #04ff00; font-family: Kavivanar;">கவிராஜன் இவன் ஆற்றல் அதனைக்காண</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="background-color: #04ff00;">மராமரம் ஒரு ஏழு புகு வாளி விடு ராமனொடு</span></span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span><span style="background-color: cyan; font-family: Kavivanar;">பார்த்தனது சாரதியையும்</span><span style="background-color: lightgrey; font-family: Kavivanar;">ஆதி</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="background-color: lightgrey;">அராவணையில் ஆணழகன் நீள் வடிவு</span> </span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">மேவுபதி ஏது அவனிமீதினில் இது போல</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="TA" style="background-color: yellow; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">கஜேந்திர வரதர்</span></span><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> <span style="background-color: magenta;">நரஸிம்ஹர்</span> <span style="background-color: lime;">ஶ்ரீராமர்</span> <span style="background-color: cyan;">பார்த்தஸாரதி</span> <span style="background-color: lightgrey;">ரங்கநாதர்</span><br /><br /></span><br /><span face="Lohit Tamil Classical, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">விளக்கம்</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA" style="background-color: yellow;">கரா கதுவ யானையின் நிராதரவு</span><span lang="TA" style="background-color: #fcff01;"> தீர </span></span><span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-family: Kavivanar;">சுடராழி எறி தூயவன்</span><span lang="TA" style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">கரா: முதலை</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">முதலை (காலைக்) கவ்வ (துயருற்ற) யானையின் ஆதரவற்ற நிலை தீரும் வகை சுடரொளி வீசிய தூயவனான வரதனை</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="TA" style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> <span style="background-color: magenta;">புவிமீட்ட</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span lang="TA"><span style="background-color: magenta;">வராகனது மாற்றலனின் மூத்தனது கூற்றை</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">பூமாதேவியை மீட்டெடுத்த வராஹனது எதிரியான ஹிரண்யாக்ஷனின் மூத்த ஸஹோதரனான ஹிரண்யகஷிபுவுக்கு எமனான ந்ருஸிம்ஹனை</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: #04ff00; font-family: Kavivanar;">கவிராஜன் இவன் ஆற்றல் அதனைக்காண</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="background-color: #04ff00;">மராமரம் ஒரு ஏழு புகு வாளி விடு ராமனொடு</span></span><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">கவிராசன் = கபி ராஜன் = குரங்குகளின் அரசன் </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">வானர அரசனான சுக்கிரீவன், இவனதை ஆற்றலினைக் காணும்பொருட்டு ஏழு மராமரங்களியும் ஒரே அம்பால் துளைத்த ராமனிபிரானையும்</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: cyan; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: large;">பார்த்தனது சாரதியையும்</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="background-color: cyan; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">பார்த்தனுடைய (அர்ஜுனன்) தேர்ப்பாகனான க்ருஷ்ணனையும்</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: lightgrey; font-family: Kavivanar;">ஆதி</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="background-color: lightgrey;">அராவணையில் ஆணழகன் நீள் வடிவு</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span style="background-color: lightgrey;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">ஆதி சேஷனின் மீது கிடக்கும் ஆண் அழகனான (அரங்கநாதனின்) நீண்ட வடிவழகையும்</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: large;">மேவுபதி ஏது அவனிமீதினில் இது போல</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">(ஒரு சேர காணக்கிடைக்கும்) மேன்மையான ஸ்தலம் ஏது இந்த பூமிதனின் இந்த திவ்யக்ஷேத்திரத்தைப் போல?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span lang="TA" style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://twitter.com/i/timeline">ட்விட்டரில் எழுதியதை</a> வருங்கால சந்ததியர் படித்தின்முரும்பொருட்டு இவ்வண்ணம் archive செய்தது.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="1" height="180px" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" name="myiFrame" scrolling="no" src="https://record.reverb.chat/embed/mSjWiBJqm5pORuqErVbE" style="border: 0px #ffffff none;" width="100%"></iframe>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-40479459743767528892022-03-01T16:51:00.007+05:302022-03-05T15:11:13.989+05:30சிவராத்திரி 2022<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 3pt; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: small;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.mahavidya.ca/files/2010/02/Ravana-Bas-relief-depicting-Ravana-trying-to-topple-Mount-Kailasa-the-abode-of-Siva-and-Parvati-Mahabalipuram-India.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600" height="400" src="http://www.mahavidya.ca/files/2010/02/Ravana-Bas-relief-depicting-Ravana-trying-to-topple-Mount-Kailasa-the-abode-of-Siva-and-Parvati-Mahabalipuram-India.jpg" width="300" /></a></span></div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: small;"><br /><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><br /></span></span><p></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 3pt; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">வண்டிலங்கு</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">குழல்</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"><br /></span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">கெண்டையொத்த</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">விழி</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"><br /></span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பெண்டமைந்த</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">விடம்</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"><span> </span></span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">மருள்தீர<br /><br /></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 3pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பண்டிலங்கை</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பதி</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"><br /></span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">வண்டிடப்பு</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">யமும்</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"><br /></span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">தண்டிருப்ப</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">தியில்</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="TA"> <span> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பழுதாக</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><span lang="TA"><br /><br /></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif"><o:p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">அண்டமுய்ய</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">விடம்</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">உண்டமர்ந்த</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">கறை</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">கண்டவுந்த</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">னரு</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">ளெமைசேர</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><br /></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif"><o:p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">உண்டெமெக்கு</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பகை</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: 36pt;">எண்டுரைப்ப</span><span style="font-stretch: normal; text-indent: 36pt;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: 36pt;">ரிலை</span><span style="font-stretch: normal; text-indent: 36pt;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: 36pt;">எண்டிசைக்</span><span style="font-stretch: normal; text-indent: 36pt;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: 36pt;">கரியுங்<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: 36pt;">கரியாமே</span></span></p><iframe src="https://record.reverb.chat/embed/LnF6r1GB4z9NbXLX5hES" style="border:0px #ffffff none;" name="myiFrame" scrolling="no" frameborder="1" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" height="180px" width="100%" allowfullscreen></iframe><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" style="color: black;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: small;"> </span></o:p></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" style="color: black;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: small;"> </span></o:p></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><b>வகை</b>: எழுசீர் விருத்தம்</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Kavivanar;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://lotussculpture.com/images/nata10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="362" height="300" src="http://lotussculpture.com/images/nata10.jpg" width="362" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" style="color: black;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: small;"> </span></o:p></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span><span lang="TA" style="color: black; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">பதம் பிரித்து:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 3pt; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">வண்டு இலங்கு</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">குழல்</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"><br /></span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">கெண்டை ஒத்த</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">விழி</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"><br /></span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பெண்டு அமைந்த</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">இட<span style="font-stretch: normal;">ம்</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"><span> </span></span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">மருள்தீர<br /><br /></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 3pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பண்டு இலங்கை</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பதி</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"><br /></span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">வண் திடப் பு<span style="font-stretch: normal;">யமும்</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><span lang="TA"><br /></span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">தண் திருப்ப</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">தியில்</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" lang="TA"><span style="font-stretch: normal;"> <span> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பழுது ஆக</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"><br /><br /></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif"><o:p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">அண்டம் உய்ய</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">விடம்</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">உண்டு அமர்ந்த</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">கறை</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">கண்ட! உந்த<span style="font-stretch: normal;">ன்</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">அரு<span style="font-stretch: normal;">ள்</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">எமை சேர</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><br /></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif"><o:p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">உண்டு எமக்கு<span style="font-stretch: normal;">ப்</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பகை</span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: 36pt;">எண்டு உரைப்ப<span style="font-stretch: normal;">ர்</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: 36pt;">இ(ல்)லை</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: 36pt;">எண் திசைக்</span><span style="font-stretch: normal; text-indent: 36pt;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: 36pt;">கரியும்<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span lang="TA"> </span></span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: 36pt;">கரியாமே</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; min-height: 15px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="color: #800180; font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA">பொருள்</span></b><b><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">வண்டு</span> மொய்க்கும் (பூங்)<span style="color: #2b00fe;">குழலும்</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="color: black;">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">கெண்டை</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: black;"> மீனைப் போன்ற </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">விழி</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: black;">யும் உள்ள </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">பெண்</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: black;"> அமைந்த </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">இட</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: black;">ப்பாகம், அடைந்த </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">மரு</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="color: black;">ட்சியைக் நீக்குமாறு </span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt;">(அம்மருட்சிக்குக் காரணமான) </span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">பண்டு</span> (முன்பொருநாள் (அல்லது) பழமை வாய்ந்த) <span style="color: #2b00fe;">இலங்கை</span>யின் <span style="color: #2b00fe;">பதி</span>யான (அரசனான) இராவணனின் அழகிய வலிமையான தோள்களைச் சோர்வு எய்தும்படி, <span style="color: #2b00fe;">தண்மை</span>யான (குளிர்ச்சியான) <span style="color: #2b00fe;">திரு</span>விடத்தில் (கைலாயத்தில்), செய்தவன்</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: -18pt;">ஆலகால <span style="color: #2b00fe;">விஷ</span>த்தால் இந்த <span style="color: #2b00fe;">அண்டம்</span> அழியாமல் இருப்பதற்காக</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">, </span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: -18pt;">அதை <span style="color: #2b00fe;">உண்டு</span> (நிலையாக) <span style="color: #2b00fe;">அமர்ந்து</span></span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: -18pt;">,</span><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="TA" style="text-indent: -18pt;"> (அதனால்) நீல<span style="color: #2b00fe;">க்கறை</span> கொண்ட மிடற்றோனே (<span style="color: #2b00fe;">கறைகண்ட</span>!), உனது <span style="color: #2b00fe;">அருள் சேர்ந்தா</span>ல்.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; 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</style></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Lohit Tamil Classical", sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;">தொடர்புள்ள பழைய இடுகைகள்:</span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2020/02/blog-post_21.html" target="_blank">சிவராத்திரி 2020</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://dagalti.blogspot.com/2019/03/blog-post.html" target="_blank">சிவராத்திரி 2019</a></span></li></ol><p></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-89718256194962285162021-11-15T07:53:00.000+05:302021-11-15T07:53:12.378+05:30சங்கர விருத்தம்<p> </p><p>Following the principle of, have blog, will archive:</p><p><br /></p><p><img class="q-image" height="291" src="https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-822a69314c717f9ad96977465e065e49" style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 330px; max-width: 100%; width: 660px;" width="581" /></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">மந்தனர் அலங்கல் வாட மறைகளை அளவை என்னா</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">அந்தகர் வளமை தேய அறுவகை சமயம் மீள</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">சந்திரன் கதிரோன் மாட்சி சரியவே உதித்தார் போல</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">இந்தியத் திருநா டெங்கும் இவர்பதம் பதித்த வாரே</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">தர்க்கவாதத்தில் மந்தன மிஸ்ரரின் மாலை வாடும்படியாக அவரை (யும் அதன் வழி மீமாஸத்தையும்) வென்றார்</span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">வேதங்களை ப்ரமாணமாக ஏற்க மறுத்த, தத்துவார்த்த பார்வை குன்றியோரின் (ஶ்ரமணர், பௌத்தர், லோகாயதர் போன்றோர்) ஆளுமையை குன்றச் செய்த்கார்</span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">ஷண்மதத்தை மீட்டார்</span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">கதிரவன் சாய, ஒளிமங்கி இருள் ஏறும் காலத்தே மதி (கதிரவனின் ஒளி வாங்கி) ஒளிபாய்ச்சி மீட்பது போல</span></p><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);">இந்தியத் திருநாடெங்கும் (சங்கரர்) கால் தடம் பதித்தார் (மந்தகதி எய்திய வேதகதியை மீட்டார்) </span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></p>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-40328059242765261252021-09-18T14:06:00.003+05:302021-09-18T18:18:56.147+05:30நடுவு நிலைமை<p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigiOvE_A9o83Y_FgiplOMz_Z93_HtSYA_YL3NMPj7g9SA-Gyl5ZR1huwYkEGcayob47ZuaS-d1BYNMqidoynJcNodU4Q-WyJNTto8cR9IC5h4XZ3FDSDL2A7U9yBsWDVkiO6ieqiqR2rAL/s465/Screenshot+2021-09-18+at+1.59.01+PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="429" data-original-width="465" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigiOvE_A9o83Y_FgiplOMz_Z93_HtSYA_YL3NMPj7g9SA-Gyl5ZR1huwYkEGcayob47ZuaS-d1BYNMqidoynJcNodU4Q-WyJNTto8cR9IC5h4XZ3FDSDL2A7U9yBsWDVkiO6ieqiqR2rAL/w390-h295/Screenshot+2021-09-18+at+1.59.01+PM.png" width="390" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">சிதிலமாய் போகுதிந்த சீர்மிகு தேசமென்பார்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">மதிலமர் பூனைபோலே அமர்ந்திடல் ஆகாதென்பார்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">பதிலிட வேண்டும்இதுவோர் சரித்திரக் கணமாமென்பார்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">இதிலுமே மௌனம்காத்தால் இளித்திடும் வேஷமென்பார்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">"'முதலிலே எல்லாம்நன்றாய் இருந்ததே பின்னர்நீசர்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">கதலியில் ஊசிபோல புகுந்ததாய்' சொல்லும்கதைகள்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">எதிலுமோர் பேதமுண்டோ?" எனவொரு கேள்விதோன்றின்</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">அதிலுறை உண்மைதன்னை மன்றிலே உரைத்தலாகா</span></p><p><br /></p><p>வகை:<b> கலி-விருத்தம்</b> No pun intended.</p>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3163960734160680580.post-49277018716657328612021-08-27T17:07:00.003+05:302022-03-20T12:31:54.837+05:30From Each<p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><a href="https://othisaivu.wordpress.com/2021/08/24/post-1340/">This post</a> got me - rather tangentially - thinking of a poem by the Soviet children's poet Sergei Mikhalkov. You're going to have to read a bunch of irrelevant ramblings before you can read the poem at the end of the post. </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcx6zR8av4QSuVwAKHjI0eYxHTJFXDMDmBjMZovF6b6UaGEc6hGba68i-P5jshKZJ8DDRRzs9HO50TSvof4iT9BOAJjFnqjDDbUE1GYZVpwVKKj6Vh9ta0gfJjN3-EbzZJ2cyLlFdHPLgC/s2048/IMG_2148.HEIC" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcx6zR8av4QSuVwAKHjI0eYxHTJFXDMDmBjMZovF6b6UaGEc6hGba68i-P5jshKZJ8DDRRzs9HO50TSvof4iT9BOAJjFnqjDDbUE1GYZVpwVKKj6Vh9ta0gfJjN3-EbzZJ2cyLlFdHPLgC/w300-h400/IMG_2148.HEIC" width="300" /></span></a></div><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">The book is slightly older than me. A hand-me down from a family friend. Preserved atypically carefully by me to hand-down.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">The 'tone' of the poems and stories from the Soviet stand out so distinctly. They are fun without being didactic. But they are consciously infusing a certain 'spirit' that runs through as a theme. In some ways that feels more 'complete' than the (understandable) Indian anxiety to ensconce in a tradition or devolve(!) to absurd fun. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">I was conversing with a cousin of mine a few days back about just how much Indian childhood, of a certain kind, was infused with so much knowledge of Soviet.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">I used to get the Soviet children's monthly MISHA by book-post . There used to even be section where the same crossword was in English and Russian Cyrillic. To know how the equivalent word looks without knowing even how to pronounce it was a child's version of Rosetta Stone!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/61i26kJ8ZtL.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="457" height="320" src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/61i26kJ8ZtL.jpg" width="293" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">I had a collection of Raduga Publishers's collected folktales from each part of the USSR (Baltic, Central Asia etc.). Dreamy soft paper, beautiful illustrations, hard-bound and so ridiculously subsidised that a kid could buy with saved change! </span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">So, when I hear that the science-types, had access to quality textbooks from Russia @ affordable prices, I am least surprised. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Of course we are intimately familiar with Russian literature more than any other world literature. For some reason that doesn't seem to have been the case with films. Of course the artsy types see their Tarkovsky. But we don't seem to know the pop-films as well. In the early oughties I've watched '<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballad_of_a_Soldier">Ballad of a Soldier</a>' and Kalatazov's '<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cranes_Are_Flying">Cranes are Flying</a>' in the Russian Cultural Centre. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"> I've been on a Soviet film-trip lately (On Mosfilm's free youtube channel. Hail Socialism!). I should probably blog about a couple of them some time.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Anyway, now to the poem.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1KaYhhTW3rH4SJQMGrz3znEV7bAz4obg1kfSweVCGZHtYlZaN76dyFzGbyXhNtfrMH088jpjl0fgoNW7iUp3hCvE8NICal4pQM56-N3eP1_ngDlku2Ox7PUqva9_29uqxqWp6KUqNMQQi/s2048/IMG_2146.HEIC" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1KaYhhTW3rH4SJQMGrz3znEV7bAz4obg1kfSweVCGZHtYlZaN76dyFzGbyXhNtfrMH088jpjl0fgoNW7iUp3hCvE8NICal4pQM56-N3eP1_ngDlku2Ox7PUqva9_29uqxqWp6KUqNMQQi/w480-h640/IMG_2146.HEIC" width="480" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /> <span> <span> <span> <span><span> </span></span></span></span></span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">The Dullard</span></b></span><div><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></b></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">"Children who have talent</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Aren't like you, my dunce;</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">They take part in concerts</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Act and sing and dance.</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">"Drawing on such subjects</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">As Peace and Labour go</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Into print in journals</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">And are put on show.</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">"Many get the chance to</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Travel round the world</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">To compete in contests</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">That other countries hold.</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">"Lisichkina Natasha</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Was rewarded once;</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Your friend Garrick also -</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Not like you my dunce.</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">"Only hopeless dullards</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Never meet success."</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">So says my own mother.</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">My own mother, no less.</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Well I never answer,</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Only bite my lips.</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Arguing about it</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Isn't worth fried chips.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaAe1WXRB0Mcn4laI9JSh-Q7IV34UwYUdiqUIycG9jZKjsD9qTSs1VV4NmnoYzVgF0htvfXRPIZTZaMiwp9s-7cTeA19PBmAFPDIKoI60n_Bfg0gDSdwybHzScy5QCUf2LzA3_btiGZdLW/s2048/IMG_2147.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaAe1WXRB0Mcn4laI9JSh-Q7IV34UwYUdiqUIycG9jZKjsD9qTSs1VV4NmnoYzVgF0htvfXRPIZTZaMiwp9s-7cTeA19PBmAFPDIKoI60n_Bfg0gDSdwybHzScy5QCUf2LzA3_btiGZdLW/w480-h640/IMG_2147.JPG" width="480" /></span></a></div></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Let those other children</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Move on to success,</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Sing and draw fine pictures,<br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Dance in fancy dress.</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Let them play their fiddles,</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Act in films and plays -</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">People may be useful</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">In a lot of ways.</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Who I'll be in future</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">I know well: one day</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">I'll go on a journey</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Very far away</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">And with other team-mates</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Nowadays my friends,</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">We will build a railway</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">To the country's ends.</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Trains towards the ocean</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Whistling, will ride,</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Of her son my mother</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Soon will think with pride</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Mother was unfair then,</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Putting me to shame</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Builders just like fiddlers</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: Kavivanar;">Have a claim to fame</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><p></p><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;">Translated from Russian to English by Dorian Rottenberg.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Kavivanar;"><br /></span><p></p><p><br /></p></div>dagaltihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16548678048957356787noreply@blogger.com3